Glande pinéale

Résumé

thumb|Vue tridimensionnelle de la glande pinéale (en rouge). La glande pinéale ou épiphyse est une petite glande endocrine de l'épithalamus du cerveau des vertébrés. À partir du tryptophane, elle sécrète la mélatonine et joue donc, par l'intermédiaire de cette hormone, un rôle central dans la régulation des rythmes biologiques (veille/sommeil et saisonniers). Connue depuis au moins l'époque de Galien (au mais très probablement bien avant puisqu'elle apparaît dans les peintures égyptiennes (voir l'œil d'Horus aussi connu sous le nom d'Oudjat), la glande pinéale était baptisée kornarion (littéralement : pignon de pin). Anatomie La glande pinéale est localisée au contact du sillon cruciforme de la lame quadrijumelle constituant la région dorsale du mésencéphale, et appartient à l'épithalamus. Elle est reliée au diencéphale de chaque côté par les pédoncules antérieurs et latéraux dans l'écartement desquels, appelés triangle habénulaire, se logent les habenula. Dans l'espèc

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glande_pin%C3%A9ale

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Swiss Cancer Center (Gland, VD)

Patrick DeCaro

Cancer: growth caused by uncontrolled and abnormal cell division, resulting in a non-structured mass or tumor, serving no beneficial purpose to the body. Even though cancer is one of the leading fatal diseases of today's world, with no distinction for age, sex, or organ, it can be fought and cured. Prevention, early diagnosis, correct treatment and optimal rehabilitation are key factors that will allow to surpass such a difficult moment. The aim of a Swiss Cancer Center is to unite these different elements. Away from the noise and stress of the city, but still at mid point between two major scientific poles, Gland offers an ideal site. By completely integrating the building into the nature of the south facing lakeside site with the view of the mountains, the Swiss Cancer Center tries to become one with its surroundings. Its architecture plays a major role in the well being of patients and doctors. It attempts to humanize the medical world. The creation of parks, green areas, lounges, and the use of natural light and fresh air are only some of the steps undertaken that limit the stress factors plaguing hospitals. The calm and beauty of the site can thus flow through the building, infusing it with its inherent serenity. The goal is to take the human as a starting point and to rethink the medical institution from there. It is by striking a balance between functionality, efficiency, ecology, health, and humanity that this goal can be achieved.

2008

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Is migraine a lateralization defect?

Nouchine Hadjikhani

Migraine often co-occurs with patent foramen ovale (PFO), and some people have suggested surgical closure as an efficient treatment for migraine. Prospective studies, however, do not report radical effect of PFO surgery on migraine. Here, we examined the hypothesis that PFO and migraine may cooccur as two independent manifestations of lateralization defect during embryonic development. We measured the absolute displacement of a midline structure, the pineal gland, on brain scans of 39 migraineurs and 26 controls. We found a significant asymmetry of the pineal gland in migraineurs compared with controls. Our data suggest that migraine's circadian component and its association with PFO may be linked to a lateralization defect during embryogenesis, which could be a result from abnormal serotonin regulation. NeuroReport 19:1351-1353 (c) 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins2008

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The distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide binding sites in the rat brain was examined by in vitro autoradiography on slide-mounted sections. A fully characterized monoiodinated form of vasoactive intestinal peptide (M-[125I]VIP) previously shown to maintain in the central nervous system the full biological activity of native vasoactive intestinal peptide was used for this study. In initial kinetic and pharmacological experiments the binding of M-[125I]vasoactive intestinal peptide to slide-mounted sections was shown to be time-dependent, saturable and reversible. Association of M-[125I]VIP specific binding was maximal within 90-120 minutes. Specific binding, corresponding to approximately 50% of total binding was saturable, of high affinity (Kd of 76.6 pM) and low capacity (fmol/mg prot range). Dissociation of M-[125I]VIP was maximal at 10 minutes. Unlabeled vasoactive intestinal peptide and the two structurally related peptides "peptide-histidine-isoleucine" (PHI) and secretin competed in a concentration-dependent manner for sites labeled by M-[125I]vasoactive intestinal peptide with the following rank order of potencies: vasoactive intestinal peptide greater than PHI greater than secretin. Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors, as revealed by quantitative autoradiography, are present at various levels of the neuraxis. High densities were observed in olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex (highest in layers I, II, IV and VI), dentate gyrus, subiculum, various thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei, superior colliculus, locus coeruleus, area postrema, subependymal layer and pineal gland. Intermediate densities were found in the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, caudate-putamen, septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, CA1 to CA4 fields of the hippocampus and central gray. No specific binding of M-[125I]vasoactive intestinal peptide was observed in white matter tracts such as corpus callosum, anterior commissure, medial forebrain bundle and fornix. The mapping of M-[125I]vasoactive intestinal peptide binding sites as revealed by autoradiography on slide-mounted sections indicates an association, although not exclusive, of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors with brain regions involved in the processing of specific sensory inputs.

1987

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1987