Puits de potentiel200px|vignette|Puits de potentiel unidimensionnel Un puits de potentiel désigne, en physique, le voisinage d'un minimum local d'énergie potentielle. Soit une courbe plane, située dans un plan vertical, en forme de cuvette. Un point matériel, de masse m, s'y meut, en glissant sans frottement. La conservation de l'énergie donne, en prenant l'abscisse curviligne s(t) comme inconnue, l'équation du mouvement de ce point: qui s'appelle en mathématiques une équation différentielle de Leibniz.
FluorometerA fluorometer, fluorimeter or fluormeter is a device used to measure parameters of visible spectrum fluorescence: its intensity and wavelength distribution of emission spectrum after excitation by a certain spectrum of light. These parameters are used to identify the presence and the amount of specific molecules in a medium. Modern fluorometers are capable of detecting fluorescent molecule concentrations as low as 1 part per trillion. Fluorescence analysis can be orders of magnitude more sensitive than other techniques.
Spectrum (physical sciences)In the physical sciences, the term spectrum was introduced first into optics by Isaac Newton in the 17th century, referring to the range of colors observed when white light was dispersed through a prism. Soon the term referred to a plot of light intensity or power as a function of frequency or wavelength, also known as a spectral density plot. Later it expanded to apply to other waves, such as sound waves and sea waves that could also be measured as a function of frequency (e.g., noise spectrum, sea wave spectrum).
Spectroscopie atomiqueLa spectroscopie atomique est une méthode de spectroscopie dont le but est d'analyser quantitativement ou qualitativement environ 70 éléments (métaux, métalloïdes et non-métaux). Il existe plusieurs grandes familles de spectroscopie atomique : la spectroscopie de masse atomique, la spectroscopie optique atomique et la spectroscopie des rayons X. L'atomisation est la dissociation d’une espèce chimique en atomes libres. La spectroscopie de masse atomique et la spectroscopie optique atomique ont besoin d’une étape d’atomisation de l’échantillon pour permettre son analyse.
Telluric contaminationTelluric contamination is contamination of the astronomical spectra by the Earth's atmosphere. Most astronomical observations are conducted by measuring photons (electromagnetic waves) which originate beyond the sky. The molecules in the Earth's atmosphere, however, absorb and emit their own light, especially in the visible and near-IR portion of the spectrum, and any ground-based observation is subject to contamination from these telluric (earth-originating) sources.
