Sequential proportional approval votingSequential proportional approval voting (SPAV) or reweighted approval voting (RAV) is an electoral system that extends the concept of approval voting to a multiple winner election. It is a simplified version of proportional approval voting. Proposed by Danish statistician Thorvald N. Thiele in the early 1900s, it was used (with adaptations for party lists) in Sweden for a short period from 1909-1921, and was replaced by a cruder "party-list" style system as it was easier to calculate.
Spare voteThe spare vote is a version of single transferable voting applied to the ranking of parties, first proposed for elections in Germany in 2013. This preferential party system is a ranked proportional representation electoral system applying to political parties instead of individual candidates. The spare vote refers to a secondary vote (preference) of the voter, which only comes into play if the first preference for the political party preferred by the voter, is below the electoral threshold.
Contingent voteThe contingent vote is an electoral system used to elect a single representative in which a candidate requires a majority of votes to win. It is a variation of instant-runoff voting (IRV). Under the contingent vote, the voter ranks the candidates in order of preference, and the first preference votes are counted. If no candidate has a majority (more than half the votes cast), then all but the two leading candidates are eliminated and the votes received by the eliminated candidates are distributed among the two remaining candidates according to voters' preferences.
Preferential block votingPreferential block voting is a majoritarian voting system for electing several representatives from a single multimember constituency. Unlike the single transferable vote (STV), preferential block voting is not a method for obtaining proportional representation, and instead produces similar results to plurality block voting (a type of multiple non-transferable vote, MNTV), of which it can be seen as the instant-runoff version, making it a multiple transferable vote (MTV).
Mixed ballot transferable voteThe mixed ballot transferable vote (MBTV) refers to a type of vote linkage-based mixed-member electoral system where a group of members are elected on local (lower) tier, for example in single-member districts (SMDs). Other members are elected on a compensatory national (upper) tier from a list and voters cast a single ballot where they may indicate their preferences separately. This article is primarily about systems using mixed ballots, for the dual vote, hybrid versions of parallel voting and MSV used in Hungary and formerly used in Italy for national elections see Scorporo.
Supplementary voteThe supplementary vote (SV) is an electoral system used to elect a single winner, in which the voter ranks two of the candidates in order of preference. In an election, if no candidate receives an absolute majority of first-preference votes, then all but the two leading candidates are eliminated and there is a second count. In the second count, the votes of those who supported eliminated candidates are distributed among the two remaining candidates, so that one candidate achieves an absolute majority.
Vote nulLors d'une élection, le vote nul consiste à mettre dans l'enveloppe une réponse qui n'est pas valable, comme : un bulletin au nom d'une personne qui ne se présente pas (sauf cas particulier, par exemple pour les élections municipales françaises dans les communes de moins de habitants, pour lesquels les habitants peuvent ajouter des noms de personnes non candidates aux listes proposées) ; un bulletin au nom d'un candidat n'ayant pas le droit de se présenter ; plusieurs bulletins ; mais en France il faut que
Multiwinner votingMultiwinner voting, also called multiple-winner elections or committee voting or committee elections, is an electoral system in which multiple candidates are elected. The number of elected candidates is usually fixed in advance. For example, it can be the number of seats in a country's parliament, or the required number of members in a committee. There are many scenarios in which multiwinner voting is useful. They can be broadly classified into three classes, based on the main objective in electing the committee: Excellence.
