Loi de DuvergerLa loi de Duverger est un principe étudié en science politique concernant les systèmes électoraux et leurs effets sur les systèmes partisans. Elle affirme que le scrutin majoritaire uninominal à un tour tend à favoriser un système bipartite. Selon Duverger, il existe un lien étroit entre un système politique et son système électoral. Les systèmes électoraux déterminent le nombre de sièges obtenus par chaque parti lors d'une élection. Cette loi s'exprime en deux temps.
Hare quotaThe Hare quota (also known as the simple quota) is a formula used under some forms of proportional representation. In these voting systems the quota is the number of votes that guarantees a candidate, or a party in some cases, captures a seat. The Hare quota is the total number of votes divided by the number of seats to be filled. This is the simplest quota, but the Droop quota is mostly used currently. The Hare quota can be used in the single transferable vote (STV-Hare) system and the largest remainder method (LR-Hare) and other quota rule compatible methods of party-list proportional representation.
Scrutin plurinominalLe scrutin plurinominal est un système électoral dans lequel plusieurs personnes sont élues lors d'un même scrutin. Il s'oppose au scrutin uninominal. Un scrutin proportionnel de liste, dans lequel les sièges sont répartis entre les listes proportionnellement au nombre de voix obtenues, est par définition un scrutin plurinominal. Cependant, le terme est davantage employé pour les scrutins plurinominaux majoritaires, dans lesquels les candidats ayant obtenu le plus de voix sont élus.
Droop quotaThe Droop quota is the quota most commonly used in elections held under the single transferable vote (STV) system. It is also sometimes used in elections held under the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation (list PR). Any candidate that receives quota is declared elected. Under some STV systems, especially those of the full-preferential voting variant, often all the winners receive the quota, but in others, of the optional-preferential voting or semi-optional preferential voting variants, if is common for as many as three winners in a district to be elected with less than quota.
Dual-member proportional representationDual-member proportional representation (DMP), also known as dual-member mixed proportional, is an electoral system designed to produce proportional election results across a region by electing two representatives in each of the region’s districts. The first seat in every district is awarded to the candidate who receives the most votes, similar to first-past-the-post voting (FPTP). The second seat is awarded to one of the remaining district candidates so that proportionality is achieved across the region, using a calculation that aims to award parties their seats in the districts where they had their strongest performances.
Alternative vote plusThe alternative vote plus (AV+), or alternative vote top-up, is a semi-proportional voting system. AV+ was devised by the 1998 Jenkins Commission which first proposed the idea as a system that could be used for elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom. As the name suggests, AV+ is an additional member system which works in two parts: the 'AV' part and the 'plus' part. As in the alternative vote system, candidates are ranked numerically in order of preference.
Electoral listAn electoral list is a grouping of candidates for election, usually found in proportional or mixed electoral systems, but also in some plurality electoral systems. An electoral list can be registered by a political party (a party list) or can constitute a group of independent candidates. Lists can be open, in which case electors have some influence over the ranking of the winning candidates, or closed, in which case the order of candidates is fixed at the registration of the list.
Counting single transferable votesThe single transferable vote (STV) is a proportional representation voting system that elects multiple winners based on ranked voting. Under STV, an elector's vote is initially allocated to his or her most-preferred candidate. Candidates are elected (winners) if their vote tally reaches quota. After this 1st Count, if seats still remain open, surplus votes are transferred from winners to remaining candidates (hopefuls) according to the surplus ballots' next usable back-up preference.
FairVoteFairVote, formerly the Center for Voting and Democracy, is a 501(c)(3) organization that advocates electoral reform in the United States. Founded in 1992 as Citizens for Proportional Representation to support the implementation of proportional representation in American elections, the organization in 1993 became the Center for Voting and Democracy and in 2004 changed its name to FairVote to reflect its support of such proposals as instant-runoff voting (IRV), for single and multi-winner elections, a national popular vote for president, a right-to-vote amendment to the Constitution, and universal voter registration.
Vote électroniquevignette|Machine à voter à Issy-les-Moulineaux, en France. Le vote électronique est un système de vote dématérialisé, à comptage automatisé, notamment des scrutins, à l'aide de systèmes informatiques. Ce terme générique relève en vérité de plusieurs situations concrètes ; il peut qualifier les votes institutionnels ou l'utilisation de boîtiers de vote interactifs dans un cadre moins contrôlé. À partir du milieu des années 1990, les modalités de votes subissent la grande créativité.
