Concept
Alcoolisme
Concepts associés (37)
Alcohol dependence
Alcohol dependence is a previous (DSM-IV and ICD-10) psychiatric diagnosis in which an individual is physically or psychologically dependent upon alcohol (also chemically known as ethanol). In 2013, it was reclassified as alcohol use disorder in DSM-5, which combined alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse into this diagnosis.
Long-term effects of alcohol
The long-term heavy consumption of alcohol (alcohol use disorder) can cause severe detrimental effects. Health effects associated with alcohol intake in large amounts include an increased risk of developing an alcohol use disorder, malnutrition, chronic pancreatitis, erectile dysfunction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, gastritis, stomach ulcers, alcoholic liver disease, certain types of dementia, and several types of cancer. In addition, damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system (e.
Gueule de bois
La gueule de bois est une sensation inconfortable qui se manifeste à la suite d'une consommation excessive de boisson alcoolisée. Elle apparaît 6 à 8 heures après la consommation d’alcool, lorsque l’alcoolémie diminue, et elle atteint un maximum lorsque l’alcoolémie redevient nulle. L'intensité des symptômes augmente avec la quantité d'alcool consommée. Le mécanisme de la gueule de bois n’a pas encore été complètement élucidé. Il est reconnu que c'est un trouble complexe et multifactoriel.
Disulfirame
Le disulfirame (nom de marque Espéral) ou bis(diéthylthiocarbamyl)disulfure ou disulfure de tétraéthyl-thiocarbamoyle a pour formule brute C10H20N2S4. C'est une poudre blanche, inodore et de saveur légèrement amère, fondant vers . Le disulfirame est très soluble dans l'alcool et dans le chloroforme. Il est employé comme médicament dans le cas de dépendance à l'alcool car il inhibe une enzyme nécessaire à l'élimination de l'alcool, l'aldéhyde déshydrogénase, chargée de transformer l'acétaldéhyde en acide acétique.
Twelve-step program
Twelve-step programs are international mutual aid programs supporting recovery from substance addictions, behavioral addictions and compulsions. Developed in the 1930s, the first twelve-step program, Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), founded by Bill Wilson and Bob Smith, aided its membership to overcome alcoholism. Since that time dozens of other organizations have been derived from AA's approach to address problems as varied as drug addiction, compulsive gambling, sex, and overeating.
Acamprosate
L’acamprosate est un médicament utilisé pour le traitement de la dépendance à l'alcool dont la formule est N-acétyle , un composé organique synthétique analogue à la taurine, mais possédant un carbone supplémentaire dans sa chaine. L'acamprosate offre une certaine efficacité chez les patients alcooliques pour qui l'abstinence peut être maintenue. Il est fabriqué et commercialisé aux États-Unis sous la marque Campral par Forest Laboratories, et distribué en dehors des États-Unis par Merck KGaA.
Alcohol-related dementia
Alcohol-related dementia (ARD) is a form of dementia caused by long-term, excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages, resulting in neurological damage and impaired cognitive function. Alcohol-related dementia is a broad term currently preferred among medical professionals. If a person has alcohol-related ‘dementia’ they will struggle with day-to-day tasks. This is because of the damage to their brain, caused by regularly drinking too much alcohol over many years. This affects memory, learning and other mental functions.
Syndrome prolongé de sevrage
Le , syndrome de sevrage post-aigu, ou syndrome post-sevrage (PAWS : Post Acute Withdrawal Syndrome) apparaît durant la phase post-sevrage (après le sevrage) de substances telles que les psychotropes (antidépresseur, benzodiazépine), et l'alcool. Un bébé né d'une mère sujette à des substances dépendantes durant la grossesse peuvent également faire l'expérience du syndrome prolongé de sevrage. L'arrêt de la prise quotidienne d'une substance s'effectue en deux temps : la période de sevrage, la période de post-sevrage.
Holiday heart syndrome
Holiday heart syndrome, also known as alcohol-induced atrial arrhythmias, is a syndrome defined by an irregular heartbeat associated with high levels of ethanol consumption. Holiday heart syndrome was discovered in 1978 when Philip Ettinger discovered the connection between arrythmia and alcohol consumption. It received its common name as it is associated with the binge drinking common during the holidays. It is unclear how common this syndrome is. 5-10% of cases of atrial fibrillation may be related to this condition, but it could be as high 63%.
Alcohol law
Alcohol laws are laws in relation to the manufacture, use, being under the influence of and sale of alcohol (also known formally as ethanol) or alcoholic beverages that contains ethanol. Common alcoholic beverages include beer, wine, (hard) cider, and distilled spirits (e.g., vodka, rum, gin). The United States defines an alcoholic beverage as "any beverage in liquid form which contains not less than one-half of one percent of alcohol by volume", but this definition varies internationally.