Broadcast relay stationA broadcast relay station, also known as a satellite station, relay transmitter, broadcast translator (U.S.), re-broadcaster (Canada), repeater (two-way radio) or complementary station (Mexico), is a broadcast transmitter which repeats (or transponds) the signal of a radio or television station to an area not covered by the originating station. It expands the broadcast range of a television or radio station beyond the primary signal's original coverage or improves service in the original coverage area.
Multichannel television in the United StatesMultichannel television in the United States has been available since at least 1948. The United States is served by multichannel television through cable television systems, direct-broadcast satellite providers, and various other wireline video providers; among the largest television providers in the U.S. are DirecTV, Altice USA, Charter Communications (through its Spectrum division, which also includes the former Time Warner Cable and Bright House Networks systems), Comcast (through its Xfinity division), Dish Network, and Verizon Communications (through its FiOS division).
Commercial broadcastingCommercial broadcasting (also called private broadcasting) is the broadcasting of television programs and radio programming by privately owned corporate media, as opposed to state sponsorship, for example. It was the United States' first model of radio (and later television) during the 1920s, in contrast with the public television model in Europe during the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s, which prevailed worldwide, except in the United States, Mexico, and Brazil, until the 1980s.
Internal Revenue Servicethumb|Logotype de l'IRS. L'Internal Revenue Service (IRS) est l'agence du gouvernement fédéral des États-Unis qui collecte l'impôt sur le revenu et des taxes diverses et fait respecter les lois fiscales concernant le budget fédéral des États-Unis. L'agence est rattachée au département du Trésor des États-Unis. Durant leurs 138 premières années d'existence (1776-1913), les États-Unis n'avaient pas d'impôt fédéral sur le revenu fixe.
National Public RadioNational Public Radio, abrégé en NPR, est le principal réseau de radiodiffusion non commercial et de service public (en anglais local : public radio) des États-Unis. NPR est une organisation de droit privé, à but non lucratif, qui fédère des stations de radio locales. Elle vend des programmes aux radios membres. NPR a été créé en 1970, à la suite du passage de la loi sur l'audiovisuel public de 1967, qui a créé la Corporation for Public Broadcasting et également conduit à la création du réseau de chaînes de télévision Public Broadcasting Service (PBS).
Promo (media)A promo (a shorthand term for promotion) is a form of commercial advertising used in broadcast media, either television or radio, which promotes a program airing on a television or radio station/network to the viewing or listening audience. Promos usually appear during commercial breaks, although sometimes they appear during another program. Promos typically run from 15 to 60 seconds, with 30-second spots being the most common, although some occasionally last run as little as five seconds or as long as 90 seconds.
Citizen mediaCitizen media is content produced by private citizens who are not professional journalists. Citizen journalism, participatory media and democratic media are related principles. "Citizen media" was coined by Clemencia Rodriguez, who defined it as 'the transformative processes they bring about within participants and their communities.' Citizen media characterizes the ways in which audiences can become participants in the media using various resources by new media technologies.
Public-access televisionPublic-access television (sometimes called community-access television) is traditionally a form of non-commercial mass media where the general public can create content television programming which is narrowcast through cable television specialty channels. Public-access television was created in the United States between 1969 and 1971 by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), under Chairman Dean Burch, based on pioneering work and advocacy of George Stoney, Red Burns (Alternate Media Center), and Sidney Dean (City Club of NY).
Cord-cuttingIn broadcast television, cord-cutting refers to the pattern of viewers, referred to as cord-cutters, cancelling their subscriptions to multichannel television services available over cable or satellite, dropping pay television channels or reducing the number of hours of subscription TV viewed in response to competition from rival media available over the Internet. This content is either free or significantly cheaper than the same content provided via cable.
SimulcastSimulcast est un terme formé par la contraction de « simultaneous broadcast ». Il fait référence à la diffusion simultanée d'un même contenu (audio ou vidéo) sur deux médias distincts ou sur un seul média en utilisant deux types de modulation. Un programme de télévision ou de radio peut être diffusé simultanément sur les ondes hertziennes et par Internet. Une émission radio peut être diffusée sur une onde hertzienne simultanément en numérique et en analogique.
