Concept
Datation relative
Concepts associés (19)
Culture archéologique
Une culture archéologique est un ensemble d'artéfacts archéologiques, limité à une période et à une zone géographique, et provenant d'un même peuple et permettant de reconstituer une culture ou une civilisation disparue de nos jours. En ethno-archéologie et en anthropologie sociale et culturelle , par sa « culture » on entend distinguer chaque groupe humain occupant un certain espace géographique pendant une période donnée.
Glossaire de l'archéologie
Glossaire de termes relatifs à l'archéologie. Voir aussi « Lexique de l'archéologie ». Abaque syn.
Plate reconstruction
This article describes techniques; for a history of the movement of tectonic plates, see Geological history of Earth. Plate reconstruction is the process of reconstructing the positions of tectonic plates relative to each other (relative motion) or to other reference frames, such as the Earth's magnetic field or groups of hotspots, in the geological past. This helps determine the shape and make-up of ancient supercontinents and provides a basis for paleogeographic reconstructions.
Seriation (archaeology)
In archaeology, seriation is a relative dating method in which assemblages or artifacts from numerous sites in the same culture are placed in chronological order. Where absolute dating methods, such as radio carbon, cannot be applied, archaeologists have to use relative dating methods to date archaeological finds and features. Seriation is a standard method of dating in archaeology. It can be used to date stone tools, pottery fragments, and other artifacts.
Chronostratigraphie
La chronostratigraphie est une branche de la stratigraphie dont l'objet est l'étude de l'âge des couches de roches en relation au temps. Le but de la chronostratigraphie est de classer les différentes séquences et époques des dépôts de roches en fonction de la région géologique, et finalement d’établir un registre géologique complet de la Terre. La nomenclature stratigraphique standard est le système chronostratigraphique fondé sur des intervalles de temps paléontologiques définis par des assemblages de fossiles connus (biostratigraphie).
Stratigraphy (archaeology)
Stratigraphy is a key concept to modern archaeological theory and practice. Modern excavation techniques are based on stratigraphic principles. The concept derives from the geological use of the idea that sedimentation takes place according to uniform principles. When archaeological finds are below the surface of the ground (as is most commonly the case), the identification of the context of each find is vital in enabling the archaeologist to draw conclusions about the site and about the nature and date of its occupation.
Cross-cutting relationships
Cross-cutting relationships is a principle of geology that states that the geologic feature which cuts another is the younger of the two features. It is a relative dating technique in geology. It was first developed by Danish geological pioneer Nicholas Steno in Dissertationis prodromus (1669) and later formulated by James Hutton in Theory of the Earth (1795) and embellished upon by Charles Lyell in Principles of Geology (1830). There are several basic types of cross-cutting relationships: Structural relationships may be faults or fractures cutting through an older rock.
Lit (géologie)
En géologie, le lit est une strate de faible épaisseur (quelques centimètres à quelques décimètres). On l'appelle aussi niveau, assise ou horizon, mais plus spécialement si on peut le caractériser sur une certaine distance par sa nature pétrographique ou son contenu paléontologique. Quand l'épaisseur d'une strate est inférieure à on parle de feuillets, quand il s'agit de plusieurs mètres on parle de bancs. Le litage est le fait, pour un terrain, de comporter des lits.
Phase (archaeology)
In archaeology, a phase refers to the logical reduction of contexts recorded during excavation to nearly contemporary archaeological horizons that represent a distinct "phase" of previous land use. These often but not always will be a representation of a former land surface or occupation level and all associated features that were created into or from this point in time. A simplified description of phase would be that "a phase is a view of a given archaeological site as it would have been at time X".