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Idola fori (singular Idolum fori), sometimes translated as "Idols of the Market Place" or "Idols of the Forum", are a category of logical fallacy which results from the imperfect correspondences between the word definitions in human languages, and the real things in nature which these words represent. The term was coined in Latin by Sir Francis Bacon and used in his Novum Organum, one of the earliest treatises arguing the case for the logic and method of modern science. The term is one of four such "idols" which represent "idols and false notions which are now in possession of the human understanding, and have taken deep root therein". Because of them, "truth can hardly find entrance" in people's minds, and Bacon predicted that even after the "instauration of the sciences" which he proposes, they will "meet and trouble us, unless men being forewarned of the danger fortify themselves as far as may be against their assaults". They are in other words problems for science, and successful modern scientific method will need to try to avoid them. Besides idola fori, there are also idola tribus (Idols of the Tribe, coming from human nature itself), idola specus, (Idols of the cave, coming from the tendencies of particular individuals or groups of people) and idola theatri (Idols of the theatre, caused by the influence of philosophers and systems of thought). Together the four idols are referred to as the Idols of the Mind (idola mentis). Bacon said that the Idols of the Market Place were given this name by him "on account of the commerce and consort of men there. For it is by discourse that men associate, and words are imposed according to the apprehension of the vulgar. And therefore the ill and unfit choice of words wonderfully obstructs the understanding". Bacon said that there were two basic kinds of Idol of the Market Place: The first are "names of things which do not exist (for as there are things left unnamed through lack of observation, so likewise are their names which result from fantastic suppositions and to which nothing in reality corresponds)" But this first kind "is more easily expelled, because to get rid of them it is only necessary that all theories should be steadily rejected and dismissed as obsolete.

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Concepts associés (5)

Idola tribus

Les Idola tribus (au singulier, Idolum tribus) sont un type de sophisme. Le concept, habituellement traduit « Idoles de la Tribu », se réfère à la tendance de la nature humaine à préférer certains types de conclusions erronées. Inventé par Francis Bacon dans le Novum Organum, il sert au philosophe à argumenter en faveur d'une méthodique scientifique rigoureuse pour fonder la science moderne. Les Idoles de la Tribu font partie des quatre idoles décrites par Bacon.

Idola specus

Idola specus (singular Idolum specus), normally translated as "Idols of the Cave" (or "Idols of the Den"), is a type of logical fallacy whereby the peculiar biases of individuals lead them to errors. This Latin term was coined by Sir Francis Bacon and used in his Novum Organum, one of the earliest treatises arguing the case for the logic and method of modern science. He described them as deriving from "the peculiar constitution, mental or bodily, of each individual; and also in education, habit, and accident".

Idoles du Théâtre

Les Idoles du Théâtre (dans le texte original en latin, Idola theatri) sont un type de tendance au raisonnement fallacieux ou à l'erreur logique. Ce terme a été créé par Francis Bacon dans son Novum Organum - l'un des premiers traités modernes discutant de logique et de méthode scientifique. Bacon les a décrites comme des Il les a nommées Idoles du Théâtre Ce terme fait partie d'une série de quatre telles , qui représentent , lesquelles sont De ces idoles, celles du Théâtre sont les plus faciles à éviter, étant causées par des situations historiques particulières, telles que les périodes de grand intérêt pour la religion dépourvues d'un monarque fort pour réguler les débats de ce type.