Surgeons generally assess the mobility of the ossicle chain by manual palpation using rigid elongated hooks inserted through the ear canal. As the applied forces are in the range of a few grams equivalent force, the measurement remains subjective and its r ...
The reliable assessment of craniofacial morphological changes during growth requires invariant regions for image registration. As these regions have not yet been identified in three dimensions, intra-osseous implants are required as fiducial markers for th ...
Objective: To enable development of an endoscope for cellular-level optical imaging of the inner ear. Study Design: A prospective study of 50 cadaveric human temporal bones to define detailed surgical anatomy of the round window (RW) region and the range o ...
Background. Our knowledge of mandibular growth mostly derives from cephalometric radiography, which has inherent limitations due to the two-dimensional (2D) nature of measurement. Objective. To assess 3D morphological changes occurring during growth in a r ...
In vertebrates, face and throat structures, such as jaw, hyoid and thyroid cartilages develop from a rostrocaudal metameric series of pharyngeal arches, colonized by cranial neural crest cells (NCCs). Colinear Hox gene expression patterns underlie arch spe ...
