History of the rupee

The history of the rupee traces back to ancient Indian subcontinent. The mention of rūpya by Pāṇini is seemingly the earliest reference in a text about coins. The term in Indian subcontinent was used for referring to a coin. The word "rupee" is derived from a Sanskrit word "rūpya", which means "wrought silver", and maybe also something stamped with an image or a coin. As an adjective it means "shapely", with a more specific meaning of "stamped, impressed", whence "coin". It is derived from the noun rūpa "shape, likeness, image". Arthashastra, written by Chanakya, prime minister to the first Maurya emperor Chandragupta Maurya (c. 340–290 BC), mentions silver coins as rūpyarūpa, other types including gold coins (suvarṇarūpa), copper coins (tāmrarūpa) and lead coins (sīsarūpa) are mentioned [This claim is disputed]. Rūpa means form or shape, example, rūpyarūpa, rūpya – wrought silver, rūpa – form. In the intermediate times there was no fixed monetary system as reported by the Great Tang Records on the Western Regions. Sher Shah Suri, during his five-year rule from 1540 to 1545, set up a new civic and military administration and issued a coin of silver, weighing 178 grains, which was also termed Rupiya. The Mughal rulers issued coins honouring the Hindu deities in 1604–1605. The coins depicting Ram and Sita were issued in both silver and gold; minting ended right after Akbar's death in 1605. The silver coin remained in use during the Mughal period, Maratha era, as well as in British India. Among the earliest issues of paper rupees include the Bank of Hindostan (1770–1832), the General Bank of Bengal and Bihar (1773–75, established by Warren Hastings), and the Bengal Bank (1784–1791). The Indian rupee was a silver-based currency during much of the 19th century, which had severe consequences on the standard value of the currency, as stronger economies were on the gold standard. During British rule, and the first decade of independence, the rupee was subdivided into 16 annas. Each anna was subdivided into 4 pices.

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Concepts associés (4)

Raj britannique

Le Raj britannique (du hindi rāj, qui signifie « règne » ; en British Raj) est le régime colonial britannique qu'a connu le sous-continent indien de 1858 à 1947. Le Raj débute en 1858 par le transfert des possessions de la Compagnie des Indes orientales à la Couronne britannique en la personne de la reine Victoria, proclamée impératrice des Indes en 1876. Il s'étend principalement sur les territoires qui forment aujourd'hui l'Inde, le Pakistan et le Bangladesh, ainsi que sur la Birmanie jusqu'en 1937, regroupant des provinces sous administration directe et des États princiers sous suzeraineté.

History of the rupee

Roupie indienne

La roupie indienne (en रुपया, rupee) est la monnaie officielle de l'Inde depuis 1947. Elle se divise en 100 paises (hi). Roupie Le mot transcrit du sanscrit rūpyarūpa (rūpa = morceau et rūpya = argent métal) est mentionné par Chanakya dans l'Arthashastra dès le siècle avant notre ère. Cette monnaie est l'une des trois plus anciennes au monde, avec les anciennes monnaies chinoises et la statère de Lydie. Les premières roupies modernes, prenant la forme d'une grosse pièce en argent pesant 11,58 grammes (178 grains), apparaissent au sous Sher Shah Suri, fondateur de l'empire suri dans le nord de l'Inde.