Self-Respect Movement

The Self-Respect Movement is a movement, started in South India, with the aim of achieving a society in which oppressed castes have equal human rights, and encouraging backward castes to have self-respect in the context of a caste-based society that considered them to be a lower end of the hierarchy. It was founded in 1925 by S. Ramanathan who invited E. V. Ramasamy (also known as Periyar by his followers) to head the movement in Tamil Nadu, India against Brahminism. The movement was extremely influential not just in Tamil Nadu, but also overseas in countries with large Tamil populations, such as Malaysia and Singapore. Among Singapore Indians, groups like the Tamil Reform Association, and leaders such as Thamizhavel G. Sarangapani were prominent in promoting the principles of the Self-Respect Movement among the local Tamil population through schools and publications. A number of political parties in Tamil Nadu, such as Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) and All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) owe their origins to the Self-respect movement, the latter a 1972 breakaway from the DMK. Both parties are populist with a generally social democratic orientation. Ramasamy was convinced that if man developed self respect, he would automatically develop individuality and would refuse to be led by the nose by schemers. One of his most known quotes on Self-Respect was, "we are fit to think of 'self-respect' only when the notion of 'superior' and 'inferior' caste is banished from our land". Ramasamy did not expect personal or material gain out of this movement. He used to recall in a very casual manner that as a human being, he also was obligated to this duty, as it was the right and freedom to choose this work. Thus, he opted to engage himself in starting and promoting the movement. Periyar declared that the Self-Respect Movement alone could be the genuine freedom movement, and political freedom would not be fruitful without individual self-respect.

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Concepts associés (7)

Tirukkuṟaḷ

Le Tirukkuṟaḷ (திருக்குறள் connu également comme le Kural), écrit par Tiruvalluvar, est une œuvre tamoule faisant partie du corpus classique de la littérature du Sangam. Elle est composée de distiques ou couplets rimés exposant les différents enseignements utiles à l'homme pour mener une existence harmonieuse. Sa date de rédaction est incertaine. Le Tirukkural est le plus célèbre des écrits tamouls, tant à l’intérieur du pays tamoul qu’en dehors, en particulier en Occident dès le grâce aux travaux de traduction des missionnaires.

Dravidian parties

Dravidian parties include an array of regional political parties in the state of Tamil Nadu, India, which trace their origins and ideologies either directly or indirectly to the Justice Party and the Dravidian movement of C. Natesanar and Periyar E. V. Ramasamy. The Dravidian movement was based on the linguistic divide in India, where most of the Northern Indian, Eastern Indian and Western Indian languages are classified as Indo-Aryan, whereas the South Indian languages are classified as Dravidian.

Ayyavazhi

vignette|droite|160px|Symbole de l'Ayyavazhi. L'Ayyavazhi (du tamil : அய்யாவழி, ) est une mythologie locale de l'Inde du Sud considérée par ses adeptes comme une religion émergente du . L'Ayyavazhi n'est pas reconnu officiellement comme religion indépendante par le gouvernement indien. Ses membres sont comptés comme hindous lors des recensements en Inde. Cette pratique est localisée dans les villes de Kânyâkumârî, Tirunelveli et Tuticorin, de l'État du Tamil Nadu en Inde, bien qu'elle soit également présente en dehors de cet Etat.