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Google Livres, ou Google Books en anglais (anciennement Google Print), est un service en ligne de numérisation et de mise en ligne de livres fourni par Google. Lancé en , il dispose de moyens financiers et techniques considérables, et a vu son champ d'activité s'élargir progressivement. En 2017, c'est à la fois un outil de recherche intra-texte, de consultation de livres en ligne ou sur appareil mobile, de constitution de collections personnelles, et de téléchargement d'ouvrages libres de droits. C'est aussi une librairie en ligne via la boutique Google Play, un outil permettant de trouver où emprunter un exemplaire de livre en bibliothèque, et un fournisseur d'informations complémentaires (métadonnées) sur les œuvres. Le nom du programme Google Books désigne communément plusieurs éléments distincts : le service de recherche « Google Book Search », le « Google Book Partner Program » qui permet aux éditeurs d'inclure ou non leurs ouvrages dans la base de données de Google, et le « Goo

La création d'une japonité moderne (1870-1940), ou Le regard des architectes européens sur le Japon

Irène Elizabeth Vogel Chevroulet

This thesis questions the fundamentals and modes characterising the European architects' way of looking at Japanese architecture and garden art between 1870 and 1940. It establishes the corpus of the major writings and of other texts published by their Occidental and Japanese contemporaries in English, French and German. We analyse the writings' major issues, outstanding specifics and realisations. We detect and describe the creation of a modern Japan-ness through the writings of four major protagonists. Firstly, Josiah Conder was professor of Architectural History and Theory at Tokyo Imperial College and later considered as the "father of modern architecture" in Japan. We discuss his articles and books, published between 1877 and 1893, as being inaugural as well as forerunners of Japan-ness. Between 1903 and 1910, the architect Chûta Itô and the art historian Kakuzô Okakura gave its premises in their publications. The engineer Franz Baltzer as well as the architects Ralph A. Cram and Frank Lloyd Wright confirmed some of these ideas in their books published between 1903 and 1912. Secondly, we study writings from an architect who never traveled to Japan : Robert Mallet-Stevens. His articles, written in France from 1911 et 1913, were an indirect reference to Conder's articles. Thirdly, we analyse the theoretical and innovative works published by Bruno Taut between 1924 and 1937. We look at the way in which he valued and consolidated an intercultural Japan-ness. We question the existence of a Japan-ness in garden arts' writings. We establish how his contemporaries spread Japan-ness specificities : the architects Wajiro Kon, Kôji Fujii, Tetsuro Yoshida, Sutemi Horiguchi, Wells Coates, Richard Neutra and Antonin Raymond, the art historian Jirô Harada, the landscape designers – Tsuyoshi Tamura, Percy. S. Cane et Christopher Tunnard –, and the writer Jun'ichiro Tanizaki. We identify which specificities had already been defined by Itô, Kon and Horiguchi before Taut validation. Fourthly, Charlotte Perriand confirmed this established modern Japan-ness as a source of inspiration with her notes taken during her stay in Japan between 1940 and 1941. The thesis chronicles the impact of her notes onto some of her realisations in Japan and later in France. Thanks to this comparative analysis of texts, the thesis argues that the European gaze towards Japan is reflecting its preoccupations towards justifications for its own architectural development. This gaze is also orientated by the interests of the Japanese themselves. These are looking for an international recognition of their traditional architecture. We describe then how Japan-ness is created through writings and how it works as an appropriation of modernity enabling Japanese architecture to step in an avant-garde role. This creation follows two stages. The first one is a process of distinction from Asian architecture by identification and reinforcement of Japanese specifics. At its core lies the discourse upon the differences of the Japanese shintoist and zen soul. The second one is a process of sorting out common specificities with Western avant-garde ones. This time, the discourse concerns abstract similarities. The whole set of Japan-ness specificities defines an intercultural architecture which distinguishes itself both from Japonisme and from Occidentalisme. Lastly, the results show the profits gained by this European gaze and taken into account in their own architecture.

EPFL2009

Printing materials and technologies in the 15th−17th century book production: an undervalued research field

Fauzia Albertin, Giovanni Colavizza

We present a systematic non-invasive investigation of a large corpus of early printed books, exploiting multiple techniques. This work is part of a broader project -- Argeia -- aiming to study early printing technologies, their evolution and, potentially, the identification of physical/chemical fingerprints of different manufactures and/or printing dates. We analyzed sixty volumes, part of the important collection of the Ateneo Veneto in Venice (Italy), printed between the 15th and the 17th centuries in the main European manufacturing centers. We present here the results of the imaging analysis of the entire corpus and the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) investigation performed, focusing on the XRF data and their statistical treatment using a combination of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Logistic Regression. Thanks to the broad XRF investigation -- more than 200 data points -- and to the multidisciplinary approach, we were able to discriminate the provenances of the paper -- in particular for the German and Venetian volumes -- and we potentially identified a chemical fingerprint of Venetian papers.

Elsevier2018

Linked Books: un indice citazionale per la storia di Venezia

Giovanni Colavizza, Matteo Romanello

We present the outcomes of the Linked Books project, resulting in a prototype citation index interlinking the Italian national library catalog (Opac SBN) with the information system of the State Archive of Venice and international authority records or “metaengines” such as VIAF.org and Europeana. Our prototype includes 3.850.581 citations extracted from a corpus of 2.475 volumes, of which 1.905 monographs, and 552 journal volumes, or 5.496 articles therein. The corpus is focused on the history of Venice. The Linked Books project allowed us to explore the feasibility and desirability of a citation index for the humanities, and to face and solve technical challenges including: the selection of a thematically representative corpus from bibliographic resources and expertise, the digitization of these materials within the bounds of copyright, the automatic extraction of citations and the development of public search interfaces.

2019

La création d'une japonité moderne (1870-1940), ou Le regard des architectes européens sur le Japon

Irène Elizabeth Vogel Chevroulet

EPFL2009