AranyakaLes Aranyaka (Sanskrit: sa) sont des « Traités forestiers » à réciter loin des agglomérations. Ils contiennent les explications ésotériques et mystiques des mantra. Ils font partie des Brahmanas et contiennent des Upanishads. À l'instar des Brahmanas, ils commentent les sacrifices, mais contiennent des Upanishad, qui leur donnent une dimension mystique et philosophique. Brihad-âranyaka (vers 750 av. J.-C. ?), trad. Émile Senart, Brhad-Âranyaka Upanishad, Les Belles Lettres, 1934, XXVIII-137 p., 2° éd. 1967.
VédangaVedāṅga (sanskrit IAST ; devanāgarī: वेदाङ्ग) signifie « appendice, discipline annexe du Veda ». On en compte six (vedaṣaḍaṅga) qui composent un ensemble de sciences annexes utiles à l'étude du Quadruple-Veda et qui sont par ordre: Shiksha: phonétique et phonologie Chandas: prosodie et métrique Vyākaraṇa: grammaire Nirukta: étymologie Jyotish: astrologie et astronomie Kalpa: rituel La composition des Brahmana présuppose des notions particulières, la grammaire du sanskrit par exemple, acquises par les érudits brahmanes au cours de leur étude du Triple-Veda puis de celle de l'Atharva-Véda.
ShakhaA shakha (Sanskrit , "branch" or "limb") is a Hindu theological school that specializes in learning certain Vedic texts, or else the traditional texts followed by such a school. An individual follower of a particular school or recension is called a . The term is also used in Hindu philosophy to refer to an adherent of a particular orthodox system.
NiruktaNirukta (devanāgarī: निरुक्त) signifie en sanskrit « explication, interprétation, étymologie, herméneutique ». Nirukta ou Nirvacanaśāstra désigne aussi l'une des six disciplines annexes du Veda (Vedāṅga). La seule œuvre de base que l'on en ait conservé est le Nirukta de Yāska et concerne l'étymologie de mots védiques. Rédigé en sanskrit ancien ou védique, le Nirukta (terme sanskrit signifiant explication ou interprétation étymologique) se présente comme un commentaire sur les nighaṇṭu, lesquels sont des glossaires de mots rares ou obscurs contenus dans les Veda.
Homa (rituel)vignette|saifukuji Le Homa dénommé aussi homan ou havan est la cérémonie du feu dans l'hindouisme. Tout rituel autour du feu porte ce nom; cependant certains ont des noms plus spécifiques comme Agnihotra. Ces rituels ancestraux, proche de l'animisme sont censés relier les humains aux Dieux; ainsi ce qui est offert au feu parvient aux divinités. Des homas pour Hanuman ou Ganesh sont organisés. La purification est aussi un symbole du feu. De nombreuses pujas sur le sous-continent indien se passent autour du feu.
PratishakhyasPratishakhya (प्रातिशाख्य ), also known as Parsada (), are Vedic-era manuals devoted to the precise and consistent pronunciation of words. These works were critical to the preservation of the Vedic texts, as well as the accurate ritual recitations and analyses of the Vedas, particularly when isolated words interact after they have been joined in sandhi procedures. Each Vedic school (parisad, or parsad) and geographic branch (sakha) developed their own manuals, explaining why they have come to be called parsada or pratisakhya.
Svādhyāya(Devanagari: स्वाध्याय) is a Sanskrit term which means self-study and especially the recitation of the Vedas and other sacred texts. It is also a broader concept with several meanings. In various schools of Hinduism, Svadhyaya is a Niyama (virtuous observance) connoting introspection and "study of self". Svādhyāya is a compound Sanskrit word composed of sva (स्व) + adhyāya (अध्याय). Adhyāya means "a lesson, lecture, chapter; reading". Svā means "own, one's own, self, the human soul".
Vedic priesthoodPriests of the Vedic religion are officiants of the yajna service. Yajna is an important part of Hinduism, especially the Vedas. Persons trained for the ritual and proficient in its practice were called (ऋत्विज् 'regularly-sacrificing'). As members of a social class, they were generically known as vipra 'sage' or kavi 'seer'. Specialization of roles attended the elaboration and development of the ritual corpus over time. Eventually a full complement of sixteen s became the custom for major ceremonies.
Cosmic oceanA cosmic ocean, primordial waters, or celestial river is a mythological motif that represents the world or cosmos enveloped by a vast primordial ocean. Found in many cultures and civilizations, the cosmic ocean exists before the creation of the earth. From the primordial waters the earth and the entire cosmos arose. The cosmic ocean represents or embodies chaos. The cosmic ocean takes form in the mythology of Ahl-e Haqq, Alevism, Ancient Egyptian, Ancient Greek, Judaism, Ancient Indian, Ancient Persian, Sumerian, and Zoroastrianism.
Vedic metreVedic metre refers to the poetic metre in the Vedic literature. The study of Vedic metre, along with post-Vedic metre, is part of Chandas, one of the six Vedanga disciplines. In addition to these seven, there are fourteen less frequent syllable-based metres (Varna-vritta or Akshara-chandas): 8. Atijagati (13x4); 9. Śakkarī (14x4); 10. Atiśakarī (15x4); 11. Ashṭi (16x4); 12. Atyashti (17x4); 13. Dhritī (18x4); 14. Atidhritī (19x4); 15. Kṛiti (20x4); 16. Prakṛiti (21x4); 17. Ākṛiti (22x4): 18. Vikṛiti (23x4); 19.
