Photovoltaïque raccordé au réseau

Résumé

Le photovoltaïque raccordé au réseau est constitué de systèmes de production d'électricité photovoltaïque qui peuvent être centralisés (centrale solaire photovoltaïque) ou décentralisés (toits de maisons individuelles, de mairies, de granges). On parle de photovoltaïque raccordé au réseau par opposition au photovoltaïque hors réseau qui peut être soit autonome, avec des batteries d'accumulateurs, soit hybride avec des batteries d'accumulateurs et une source d'énergie auxiliaire (Groupe électrogène, éolienne, turbine hydraulique). Ces systèmes sont constitués de modules solaires photovoltaïques reliés entre eux (en série et en parallèle) et branchés sur un ou plusieurs onduleurs eux-mêmes connectés au réseau de distribution ou de transport d'électricité. Les systèmes photovoltaïques raccordés au réseau constituent la plus grande partie des installations photovoltaïques dans le monde : en 2018, la capacité photovoltaïque mondiale installée est estimée à , en progression de pour l'a

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovolta%C3%AFque_raccord%C3%A9_au_r%C3%A9seau

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A sensitivity analysis on the optimization of grid usage rule and tariff for network impact mitigation.

Emma Anne Elisabeth Nelissen

This report adds to findings concerning the impact of advanced electricity tariff structures on grid-connected hybrid photovoltaic-battery systems. A representative database of 1'608 buildings in the city of Rolle was clustered into 15 medoids. For these 15 medoids and for the years 2020 and 2040, five tariff designs such as real-time pricings, a capacity-based tariff, and a block-rate tariff were evaluated using a mixed-integer-linear programming optimisation. The capacity-based tariff was concluded to be the most dependent on the grid and resulted in no investment in PV capacity or batteries in the year 2020. With Switzerland's current 2050 energy plans, the block-rate tariff scenario was concluded to be the most adequate mainly due to its independence from the electricity grid. In 2040, the block-rate scenario had an average of 18kWh more battery capacity installation compared to all other tariff designs. Even though, PV curtailment was present in this scenario, it was concluded that curtailment could be seen as an opportunity to encourage storage and the renovation of the current grid infrastructure. These conclusions could provide insights for policy makers.

2019

Chargement

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Advanced control of heat pumps with thermal storage and photovoltaics has recently been promoted as a promising solution to help decarbonise the residential sector. Heat pumps and thermal storage offer a valuable flexibilisation mean to integrate stochastic renewable energy sources into the electricity grid. Heat pump energy conversion is nonlinear, leading to a challenging nonlinear optimisation problem. However, issues like global optimum uncertainty and the time-consuming methods of current nonlinear programming solvers draw researchers to linearise heat pump models that are then implemented in faster and globally convergent linear programming solvers. Nevertheless, these linearisations generate some inaccuracies, especially in the calculation of the heat pump’s coefficient of performance ( COP ). In order to solve all of these issues, this paper presents a heuristic control algorithm (HCA) to provide a fast, accurate and near-optimal solution to the original nonlinear optimisation problem for a single-family house with a photovoltaic system, using real consumption data from a typical Swiss house. Results highlight that the HCA solves this optimisation problem up to 1000 times faster, yielding an operation that is up to 49% cheaper and self-consumption rates that are 5% greater than other nonlinear solvers. Comparing the performance of the HCA and the linear solver intlinprog, it is shown that the HCA provides more accurate heat pump control with an increase of up to 9% in system Operating Expense OPEX and a decrease of 8% in self-consumption values

2019

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Impact of regulations on the optimal design, operation and costs of a PV installation with energy storage and heating system

Cédric Terrier

The penetration of intermittent energies in the energy system engenders grid power peak issues for the operators. The cost to reinforce the grid increases the electricity prices leading to a situation where consumers pay for the prosumers' grid usage. This socioeconomic problem drives the research towards new and fair tariff structures that impose fees in proportion to the power exported to the grid. This project aims to model and optimise the electrical and thermal loads of a set of buildings in the city of Rolle. The energy system includes photovoltaic panels, a battery, a heat pump and electric heaters. The tariff structure currently applied in Rolle is used. Once the model is built, new regulations are applied in the form of constraints on the model. The costs are optimised and the performances of the energy system are analysed. In a future work, other tariff structures will be applied with the regulations.

2019

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