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Concept
Mouette pygmée
Résumé
The little gull (Hydrocoloeus minutus), is a species of gull belonging to the family Laridae which is mainly found in the Palearctic with some colonies in North America. It breeds on freshwaters but winters at sea. It is the smallest species of gull in the world. It is the only species in the monospecific genus Hydrocoloeus.
The little gull was first formally described as Larus minutus in 1776 by the Dutch ornithologist Peter Simon Pallas with its type locality given as Berezovo, Tobolsk in Siberia. In 1829 Johann Jakob Kaup proposed the genus Hydrocoloeus for this species and George Robert Gray formally designated Larus minutus as the type species of the genus. Hydrocoloeus minutus is the binomial accepted for this species and it is classified in the family Laridae, the gulls and terns, within the order Charadriiformes.
The little gull has genus name Hydrocoloeus is from Ancient Greek , "water", and , a sort of web-footed bird. The specific minutus is Latin for "small".
The little gull has a body length of and a wing span of , it is the smallest gull species in the world. The adults in breeding plumage have a black hood, dark red bill, bright red legs and a rosy flush to the underside. In non-breeding pluamge the adults have a black cap and spot on the ear, white underparts, a black bill and the red on the legs is duller. In all plumages the adults have a pale grey back and upperwings with white primaries contrasting with very dark grey underwing. The juveniles have large areas of blackish colour on the back and head and in flight they have a dark "w" pattern on the upperwings with white underwings. By their first winter the head and body are similar to those of an adult but the upperwing pattern is retained. By their second year they have become very similar to the adults but have some black primary feathers.
The little gull has a wide Palearctic distribution breeding from northern Scandinavia and the eastern Baltic Sea to eastern Siberia. They also breed in North America around the Great Lakes.
Source officielle
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