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A charlatan (also called a swindler or mountebank) is a person practicing quackery or a similar confidence trick in order to obtain money, power, fame, or other advantages through pretense or deception. One example of a Charlatan is The Pardoner of "The Canterbury Tales" who tricks sinners into buying fake religious relics. Synonyms for charlatan include shyster, quack, or faker. Quack is a reference to quackery or the practice of dubious medicine, including the sale of snake oil, or a person who does not have medical training who purports to provide medical services. The word comes from French , a seller of medicines who might advertise his presence with music and an outdoor stage show. The best known of the Parisian charlatans was Tabarin, whose skits and farces were influenced by commedia dell'arte inspired Molière. The word can also be traced to Spanish , an indiscreetly talkative person, a chatterbox. Ultimately, etymologists trace charlatan from either the Italian , to chatter or prattle; or from Cerretano, a resident of Cerreto, a village in Umbria, known for its quacks. A distinction is drawn between the charlatan and other kinds of confidence tricksters. The charlatan is usually a salesperson of a certain service or product, who has no personal relationship with his "marks" (customers or clients), and avoids elaborate hoaxes or roleplaying con-games. Rather, the person called a charlatan is being accused of resorting to quackery, pseudoscience, or other knowingly employed bogus means of impressing people in order to swindle victims by selling them worthless nostrums and similar goods or services that will not deliver on the promises made for them. One example of a charlatan is a 19th-century medicine show operator, who has long since left town by the time the people who bought his "snake oil" or similarly named "cure-all" tonic realize that it was a scam. A misdirection by a charlatan is a confuddle, a dropper is a leader of a group of conmen, and hangmen are conmen that present false checks.

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Concepts associés (5)

Charlatan

Patent medicine

A patent medicine (sometimes called a proprietary medicine) is a non-prescription medicine or medicinal preparation that is typically protected and advertised by a trademark and trade name, and claimed to be effective against minor disorders and symptoms, as opposed to an ethical drug that could be obtained only through a pharmacist, usually with a doctor's prescription, and whose composition was openly disclosed. Many over-the-counter medicines were once ethical drugs obtainable only by prescription, and thus are not patent medicines.

Charlatanisme

Le charlatanisme est la promotion de pratiques médicales frauduleuses ou ignorantes. En France, le charlatanisme est défini dans le code de déontologie médicale comme le fait pour un médecin de Un charlatan est une personne ou . Ce peut être un vendeur de poudre de perlimpinpin. De manière plus générale, le charlatan pratique l'imposture, ou un jeu de dupes envers autrui, grâce à des trucages, des déformations de la réalité (par exemple via l'exploitation de biais cognitifs), ou des falsifications, en vue de gagner sa confiance, généralement pour obtenir de l'argent ou tout autre avantage.