Auto-hébergement (informatique)Le premier compilateur auto-hébergé (si l'on exclut les assembleurs) a été écrit pour le Lisp par Hart et Levin au Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) en 1962. Puisque les interpréteurs Lisp, mais non les compilateurs, existaient auparavant, ils utilisaient une méthode originale pour compiler leur compilateur. Le compilateur, comme tout programme Lisp, pouvait être exécuté dans un interpréteur. Donc, il pouvait simplement exécuter le compilateur dans l'interpréteur lui donnant ensuite, son propre code source à compiler.
Read–eval–print loopA read–eval–print loop (REPL), also termed an interactive toplevel or language shell, is a simple interactive computer programming environment that takes single user inputs, executes them, and returns the result to the user; a program written in a REPL environment is executed piecewise. The term usually refers to programming interfaces similar to the classic Lisp machine interactive environment. Common examples include command-line shells and similar environments for programming languages, and the technique is very characteristic of scripting languages.
Map (higher-order function)In many programming languages, map is the name of a higher-order function that applies a given function to each element of a collection, e.g. a list or set, returning the results in a collection of the same type. It is often called apply-to-all when considered in functional form. The concept of a map is not limited to lists: it works for sequential containers, tree-like containers, or even abstract containers such as futures and promises. Suppose we have a list of integers [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] and would like to calculate the square of each integer.
