Dario FloreanoProf. Dario Floreano is director of the Laboratory of Intelligent Systems at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL). Since 2010, he is the founding director of the Swiss National Center of Competence in Robotics, a research program that brings together more than 20 labs across Switzerland. Prof. Floreano holds an M.A. in Vision, an M.S. in Neural Computation, and a PhD in Robotics. He has held research positions at Sony Computer Science Laboratory, at Caltech/JPL, and at Harvard University. His main research interests are Robotics and A.I. at the convergence of biology and engineering. Prof. Floreano made pioneering contributions to the fields of evolutionary robotics, aerial robotics, and soft robotics. He served in numerous advisory boards and committees, including the Future and Emerging Technologies division of the European Commission, the World Economic Forum Agenda Council, the International Society of Artificial Life, the International Neural Network Society, and in the editorial committee of several scientific journals. In addition, he helped spinning off two drone companies (senseFly.com and Flyability.com) and a non-for-profit portal on robotics and A.I. (RoboHub.org). Books
Manuale sulle Reti Neurali, il Mulino (in Italian), 1996 (first edition), 2006 (second edition)Evolutionary Robotics, MIT Press, 2000
Bio-Inspired Artificial Intelligence, MIT Press, 2008
Flying Insects and Robots, Springer Verlag, 2010
Roland SiegwartOriginaire d'Altdorf (UR) et d'Oberkirch (LU), Roland Siegwart est né en 1959 à Lausanne. Après une enfance à Schwyz, il a étudié à l'EPFZ et a obtenu son diplôme en génie mécanique en 1983. Il a travaillé ensuite comme assistant de recherche à l'EPFZ. En 1989, il a obtenu son doctorat, sa thèse traitant de l'application des paliers magnétiques sur les machines d'usinage de grande vitesse.
De 1989 à 1990, il a effectué des recherches à l'Université de Stanford en Californie (USA) et a participé à des projets en microrobotique. De retour en Suisse, il a rejoint l'Institut de robotique à l'EPFZ. Comme directeur remplaçant de l'Institut de Robotique, il a organisé les activités dans la micro- et nanorobotique. Il a mis notamment au pointuncourensystèmesélectroméca-niques appliqués.
Depuis 1990, R. Siegwart a été engagé en parallèle comme vice président de MECOS Traxler AG, une entreprise spin-off' de l'EPFZ. Il a dirigé de nombreux projets industriels dans le domaine des paliers magnétiques. ProfesseurauDépartementdemicrote-chnique de l'EPFL depuis 1996, R. Siegwart est responsable de la recherche en systèmes microtechniques autonomes. Le champ principal de ses activités porte sur les robots et les microrobots mobiles ainsi que les microsystèmes dynamiques et de très hautes performances.
Loïc Vivien FumeauxLoïc Fumeaux was born in 1978 in Geneva. After a scientific degree, he joined the EPFL . He graduated as an architect in 2007 under the direction of Professors Jean- Paul Jaccaud and Bruno Marchand. His master's thesis was about sustainability integration from urban scale to the architectural details. This masters project was awarded with the SIA Prize and the Construction and sustainable development Prize (BG Ingénieurs Conseils).
In addition to his studies, Loïc develops independant activities and collaborated with LVBK Rotterdam and Lacroix- Chessex Geneva. In 2009 , he founded xy-ar.ch with Amélie Poncety . The office participates in many competitions and won the competition for the redevelopment of the Place de la Planta in Sion , currently under development .
In 2010, he became studio assistant at the LAST (Laboratory of architecture and sustainable technologies) headed by Prof. Emmanuel Rey. After a period dedicated to teaching he starts a PhD focused on the integration of sustainability criteria into the design process of temporary event infrastructures .
He is a member of the group of architects at SIA section Vaud and Treasurer of InterAssAr.
Henry MarkramHenry Markram started a dual scientific and medical career at the University of Cape Town, in South Africa. His scientific work in the 80s revealed the polymodal receptive fields of pontomedullary reticular formation neurons in vivo and how acetylcholine re-organized these sensory maps.
He moved to Israel in 1988 and obtained his PhD at the Weizmann Institute where he discovered a link between acetylcholine and memory mechanisms by being the first to show that acetylcholine modulates the NMDA receptor in vitro studies, and thereby gates which synapses can undergo synaptic plasticity. He was also the first to characterize the electrical and anatomical properties of the cholinergic neurons in the medial septum diagonal band.
He carried out a first postdoctoral study as a Fulbright Scholar at the NIH, on the biophysics of ion channels on synaptic vesicles using sub-fractionation methods to isolate synaptic vesicles and patch-clamp recordings to characterize the ion channels. He carried out a second postdoctoral study at the Max Planck Institute, as a Minerva Fellow, where he discovered that individual action potentials propagating back into dendrites also cause pulsed influx of Ca2 into the dendrites and found that sub-threshold activity could also activated a low threshold Ca2 channel. He developed a model to show how different types of electrical activities can divert Ca2 to activate different intracellular targets depending on the speed of Ca2 influx an insight that helps explain how Ca2 acts as a universal second messenger. His most well known discovery is that of the millisecond watershed to judge the relevance of communication between neurons marked by the back-propagating action potential. This phenomenon is now called Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP), which many laboratories around the world have subsequently found in multiple brain regions and many theoreticians have incorporated as a learning rule. At the Max-Planck he also started exploring the micro-anatomical and physiological principles of the different neurons of the neocortex and of the mono-synaptic connections that they form - the first step towards a systematic reverse engineering of the neocortical microcircuitry to derive the blue prints of the cortical column in a manner that would allow computer model reconstruction.
He received a tenure track position at the Weizmann Institute where he continued the reverse engineering studies and also discovered a number of core principles of the structural and functional organization such as differential signaling onto different neurons, models of dynamic synapses with Misha Tsodyks, the computational functions of dynamic synapses, and how GABAergic neurons map onto interneurons and pyramidal neurons. A major contribution during this period was his discovery of Redistribution of Synaptic Efficacy (RSE), where he showed that co-activation of neurons does not only alter synaptic strength, but also the dynamics of transmission. At the Weizmann, he also found the tabula rasa principle which governs the random structural connectivity between pyramidal neurons and a non-random functional connectivity due to target selection. Markram also developed a novel computation framework with Wolfgang Maass to account for the impact of multiple time constants in neurons and synapses on information processing called liquid computing or high entropy computing.
In 2002, he was appointed Full professor at the EPFL where he founded and directed the Brain Mind Institute. During this time Markram continued his reverse engineering approaches and developed a series of new technologies to allow large-scale multi-neuron patch-clamp studies. Markrams lab discovered a novel microcircuit plasticity phenomenon where connections are formed and eliminated in a Darwinian manner as apposed to where synapses are strengthening or weakened as found for LTP. This was the first demonstration that neural circuits are constantly being re-wired and excitation can boost the rate of re-wiring.
At the EPFL he also completed the much of the reverse engineering studies on the neocortical microcircuitry, revealing deeper insight into the circuit design and built databases of the blue-print of the cortical column. In 2005 he used these databases to launched the Blue Brain Project. The BBP used IBMs most advanced supercomputers to reconstruct a detailed computer model of the neocortical column composed of 10000 neurons, more than 340 different types of neurons distributed according to a layer-based recipe of composition and interconnected with 30 million synapses (6 different types) according to synaptic mapping recipes. The Blue Brain team built dozens of applications that now allow automated reconstruction, simulation, visualization, analysis and calibration of detailed microcircuits. This Proof of Concept completed, Markrams lab has now set the agenda towards whole brain and molecular modeling.
With an in depth understanding of the neocortical microcircuit, Markram set a path to determine how the neocortex changes in Autism. He found hyper-reactivity due to hyper-connectivity in the circuitry and hyper-plasticity due to hyper-NMDA expression. Similar findings in the Amygdala together with behavioral evidence that the animal model of autism expressed hyper-fear led to the novel theory of Autism called the Intense World Syndrome proposed by Henry and Kamila Markram. The Intense World Syndrome claims that the brain of an Autist is hyper-sensitive and hyper-plastic which renders the world painfully intense and the brain overly autonomous. The theory is acquiring rapid recognition and many new studies have extended the findings to other brain regions and to other models of autism.
Markram aims to eventually build detailed computer models of brains of mammals to pioneer simulation-based research in the neuroscience which could serve to aggregate, integrate, unify and validate our knowledge of the brain and to use such a facility as a new tool to explore the emergence of intelligence and higher cognitive functions in the brain, and explore hypotheses of diseases as well as treatments.
Peter RyserDr. Peter Ryser is a Professor Emeritus at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne. He has over three decades of research and teaching experience from various corporate and academic institutions. He was previously a Director at Siemens Building Technologies where he was responsible for R&D, product innovation and patents. Dr. Ryser has a Ph.D. in applied Physics from the University of Geneva, a Masters degree in Experimental Physics and an MBA.
André SchiperAndré Schiper obtenu un diplôme en physiques de l'ETHZ en 1973 et un doctorat en informatique de l'EPFL en 1980. Il est professeur en informatique à l'EPFL depuis 1985, à la tête du Laboratoire de systèmes distribués. Durant l'année académique 1992-1993, il fut en congé sabbatique à l'Université de Cornell, Ithaca, New York (travaillant avec Ken Birman and Aleta Ricciardi), et en 2004-2005 à l'Ecole Polytechnique à Palaiseau, France (travaillant avec Bernadette Charron-Bost).
Ses domaines de recherches sont dans le secteur de la dépendance des systèmes distribués, support middleware pour systèmes dépendants, techniques de réplication (incluant bases de données), communication de groupe, transactions distribuées et MANETs (réseaux mobiles ad-hoc).
Prof. Schiper est membre du comité editorial de
Distributed Computing (DC), Springer Verlag - ACM,
Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing (TDSC), IEEE,
International Journal of Security and Networks (Inderscience).
