Métabolisme des médicamentsDrug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through specialized enzymatic systems. More generally, xenobiotic metabolism (from the Greek xenos "stranger" and biotic "related to living beings") is the set of metabolic pathways that modify the chemical structure of xenobiotics, which are compounds foreign to an organism's normal biochemistry, such as any drug or poison. These pathways are a form of biotransformation present in all major groups of organisms and are considered to be of ancient origin.
Cytochrome P450Les cytochromes P450 (CYP450) sont des hémoprotéines — protéines ayant une molécule d'hème comme cofacteur — qui interviennent dans les réactions d'oxydoréduction d'un grand nombre de grosses ou de petites molécules, qu'il s'agisse de substrats naturels du métabolisme endogène ou de xénobiotiques (polluants, toxines, drogues, médicaments, etc.). Ce sont généralement les oxydases finales d'une chaîne de transport d'électrons.
ToxicationToxication, toxification or toxicity exaltation is the conversion of a chemical compound into a more toxic form in living organisms or in substrates such as soil or water. The conversion can be caused by enzymatic metabolism in the organisms, as well as by abiotic chemical reactions. While the parent drug are usually less active, both the parent drug and its metabolite can be chemically active and cause toxicity, leading to mutagenesis, teratogenesis, and carcinogenesis.
