The Liaodong or Liaotung Peninsula () is a peninsula in southern Liaoning province in Northeast China, and makes up the southwestern coastal half of the Liaodong region. It is located between the mouths of the Daliao River (the historical lower section of the Liao River) in the west and the Yalu River in the east, and encompasses the territories of the whole sub-provincial city of Dalian and parts of prefectural cities of Yingkou, Anshan and Dandong.
The word "Liaodong" literally means "Liao region's east", referring initially to the Warring States period Yan commandery of Liaodong, which encompassed an area from modern Liaoning-Jilin border in the north to the Chongchon River on the Korean Peninsula in the south, and from just east of the Qian Mountains to a now-disappeared large wetland between the western banks of middle Liao River and the base of Yiwulü Mountain, historically known as the "Liao Mire" (遼澤, Liáo zé) roughly in between the modern Xinmin, Liaozhong, Tai'an, Panshan and Beizhen). The modern usage of "Liaodong" however simply refers to the half of Liaoning province to the left/east bank of the Liao/Daliao River.
The Liaodong Peninsula lies on the northern shore of the Yellow Sea, dividing the Liaodong Bay (the largest of the three bays of the Bohai Sea) to its west from the Korea Bay to its east. It forms the southern part of a mountain belt that continues northward in the Changbai Mountains. The part of the mountain range on the peninsula is known as the Qianshan Mountains, named after Qian Mountain in Anshan, which includes Dahei Mountain in Dalian.
The Liaodong region was settled since prehistoric times by Neolithic people such as Xinle culture. It later came under the rule of the Gojoseon kingdom, which encompassed the northern Korean Peninsula and the region southeast of the Liao River. In the late 4th century BC, the expanding Chinese State of Yan conquered this region from Gojoseon, and established the Liaodong Commandery.
After the fall of the Yan state, the region was taken over by the short-lived Qin dynasty, and then its prominent successor Han dynasty.
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La dynastie Yuan (), officiellement le Grand YuanCivil Society in China: The Legal Framework from Ancient Times to the 'New Reform Era, , note 69. ( ; en moyen mongol , Dai Ön Ulus, littéralement « Grand État Yuan »), est une dynastie mongole fondée suivant la tradition chinoise en 1271 par Kubilai Khan, le petit-fils de Gengis Khan, et qui règne sur la Chine jusqu'en 1368. Formellement, en Chine, elle succède à la dynastie Song et précède la dynastie Ming.
La dynastie Liao ( ; Khitan : Mos Jælud), également connue sous le nom d'Empire Khitan ( ; Khitan : Mos diau-d kitai huldʒi gur), est un empire d'Asie orientale qui règne sur les actuelles Mongolie, une partie de la Russie orientale et du nord de la Chine continentale entre 907 et 1125. Elle est fondée par le Khagan Khitan Yelü Abaoji à la suite de la chute de la dynastie chinoise Tang, et est le premier État à contrôler l'ensemble de la Mandchourie.
thumb|Cavaliers khitan chassant avec des aigles (dynastie Song) Les Khitan () sont un peuple voisin des Mongols et des Toungouses, fondateur en 907 de l'empire des Khitan (aussi appelés Grands Khitan par moments) considéré dans l'historiographie chinoise comme la dynastie Liao (, 907 – 1125). Les Jürchen de l'empire Jin d'Aguda les envahirent de 1115 à 1125, une partie des Khitan parvinrent à s'enfuir en Asie centrale et fondèrent l'empire Kara-Khitan. La variante Khitaï de leur nom a donné Cathay, le nom par lequel l'Europe désigna la Chine au Moyen Âge.
In recent decades, East and South-East Asia have became both politically and economically significant for the West and it is no longer possible to ignore the history and culture of this large portion of the world's population. Advanced studies on the vario ...