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Concept
Tōhoku-ben
Résumé
The Tōhoku dialect, commonly called 東北弁 Tōhoku-ben, is a group of the Japanese dialects spoken in the Tōhoku region, the northeastern region of Honshū. Toward the northern part of Honshū, the Tōhoku dialect can differ so dramatically from standard Japanese that it is sometimes rendered with subtitles in the nationwide media and it has been treated as the typical rural accent in Japanese popular culture.
A notable linguistic feature of the Tōhoku dialect is its neutralization of the high vowels "i" and "u" (Standard [i] and [ɯβ]), so that the words sushi, susu ('soot'), and shishi ('lion') are rendered homophonous, where they would have been distinct in other dialects. In light of this, Tōhoku dialect is sometimes referred to as Zūzū-ben. The vowels tend to be neutralized to [ɨ] in Northern Tohoku dialect and [ɯ̈] in Southern Tohoku dialect.
In addition, all unvoiced stops become voiced intervocalically, rendering the pronunciation of the word kato ('trained rabbit') as [kado]. However, unlike the high-vowel neutralization, this does not result in new homophones, as all voiced stops are prenasalized, meaning that the word kado ('corner') is pronounced [kando]. This is particularly noticeable with /ɡ/, which is nasalized fully to [ŋ] with the stop of the hard "g" [ŋɡ] almost entirely lost, so that ichigo 'strawberry' is pronounced [ɨd͡ʑɨŋo]. Standard Japanese can do this with /ɡ/ too (see Japanese phonology), but not with the other stops.
This distribution of medial voicing and prenasalization is thought to be a conservative pronunciation reflecting the original Old Japanese state.
The consonant inventory is identical to that of Standard Japanese but with a different distribution. In Standard Japanese, the palatal series was produced with palatalisation of alveolar consonants before the front vowel /i/ and the semivowel /j/; s → ɕ, t → tɕ, d → dʑ. However, in the Tōhoku dialect they were formed by the palatalisation of /k/ and /ɡ/ and the semivowel /j/; k → tɕ, ɡ → dʑ (kigahatteiru → chihatteɾu; benkyou → benchou) and a shift of /ç/ which was formed by palatalisation of /h/ before /i/ and the semivowel /j/, towards /ɕ/ (hito → shito).
Source officielle
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