Kahlan (كهلان) was one of the main tribal confederations of Saba' in Ancient Yemen. They are descended from Kahlan bin Saba bin Yishjab bin Yarub bin Qahtan.
By the 2nd century BC Saba' was declining gradually and its southern neighbor Himyar was able to settle many nomadic tribes that were allied to Himyar and create a stronger Himyarite nation in the lowlands. Eventually Saba' was incorporated into Himyar and resistance was reduced to the Kahlan tribes who were overpowered by Himyar and forced out of Highlands in Yemen. Most Of Kahlan remained in the Yemeni desert region around Marib until the destruction of the Dam in the 3rd century AD. this forced the Kahlani tribes to emigrate northwards through Arabia. They reaching as far as Mesopotamia and Syria prior to the 7th century Arab conquests under Islam. After the Arab conquests, the Kahlani Arabs, among other Qahtani and Adnani tribes, reached all the way to the far edges of the Umayyad Empire.
The Kahlan branched into 5 main branches; Azd, Hamdan, Lakhm, Tayy, Kinda.
Madhhij
In the 3rd century AD. The Azd branched into four branches each led by one of the sons of Amr bin Muzaqiba
Imran bin Amr and the bulk of the tribe went to Oman where they established the Azdi presence in Eastern Arabia and later invaded Karman and Shiraz in Southern Persia. Another branch headed west back to Yemen and a group went further West all the way to Tihama on the Red Sea. This branch will become known as Azd Uman after Islam.
Jafna bin Amr and his family, headed for Syria where he settled and initiated the kingdom of the Ghassanids who was so named after a spring of water where they stopped on their way to Syria.
Thalabah bin Amr left his tribe Al-Azd for Hijaz and lived between Thalabiyah and Dhi Qar. When he gained strength, he headed for Yathrib where he stayed. Of his seed are the great Aws and Khazraj, sons of Haritha bin Thalabah. Those will be the Muslim Ansar and will produce the last Arab Dynasty in Spain (the Nasrids).
Haritha bin Amr.
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The terms Qahtanite and Qahtani (قَحْطَانِي; transliterated: Qaḥṭānī) refer to Arabs who originate from South Arabia. The term "Qahtan" is mentioned in multiple ancient Arabian inscriptions found in Yemen. Arab traditions believe that they are the original Arabs. According to Arab tradition, the Qahtanites are from South Arabia, unlike the Adnanites who are from the north of Arabia descended from Ishmael through Adnan. Arab tradition maintains that a semi-legendary ancestral figure named Qahtan and his 24 sons are the progenitors of Yemen who controlled the Arabian Peninsula known as Qahtani.
La tribu des Chammar (arabe : شمّر, Šammar) constitue une des plus grandes tribus du Nejd, en Arabie, ayant une population estimée de 4 millions de membres en Irak, en Arabie saoudite (concentrés pour la plupart dans la région de Haïl), au Koweït, en Syrie, en Algérie, ainsi qu'un nombre indéterminé en Jordanie et jusque dans le sud de la Tunisie. À son apogée vers 1850, la tribu contrôlait un territoire allant du centre de l'Arabie jusqu'au nord de l'Irak actuel, l'émirat du Djebel Chammar.
Himyar est un royaume antique d'Arabie du Sud qui connut son apogée au début du en constituant un Empire qui contrôlait une grande partie de l'Arabie méridionale. Ses habitants sont appelés Himyarites ou parfois Homérites. Rival du royaume de Saba, de Qataban et d'Hadramaout, ce royaume est pour la première fois attesté au cours du À l'époque, le petit royaume est sous la domination du puissant royaume de Qataban qui domine le Yémen entre -500 et -110.