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Scorporo (ˈskɔrporo, parceling out) is a partially compensatory, mixed-member majoritarian electoral system, sometimes referred to as a negative vote transfer system (NVT) whereby a portion of members are elected in single-member districts (SMDs) and a portion are elected from a list. It may be fully defined as a parallel voting system which excludes a portion (up to 100%) of the SMD winners' votes in electing the proportional tier, to result in a more proportional outcome. The exclusion of a portion of the SMD winners' votes is what makes scorporo fundamentally different from parallel voting and somewhat closer to mixed member proportional representation, and thereby between the two in terms of proportionality. The system is only known to have been used in Italy and for a portion of the compensatory tier of the National Assembly of Hungary. Scorporo was in force for elections to the bicameral Parliament of Italy based on Law 277/1993 from 1993 to 2005. Under this system, members could be elected in two ways: 75% of elected members were elected in single member districts (SMDs) using first-past-the-post voting. 25% of elected members were elected on list basis based on the proportion of the votes received by the party (using the D'Hondt method), with the exclusion of a proportion of any first-placed winner's votes. The system was subject to the following specific rules for each chamber: List seats were calculated at the regional level. All votes for winning candidates were excluded from the list allocation. No threshold was applied for list seats. The SMD vote and the list vote were linked, limiting the use of decoy lists (see below). The list seats were calculated at the national level. The number of SMD winner's votes excluded from the list vote was equal to the second place candidate's vote total +1. This represented the number of votes needed to elect the winner in the SMD. A 4% threshold was established for parties to qualify for the list seats. The local vote and list vote were not tied to each other, thereby providing an incentive for decoy lists (see below).

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Concepts associés (11)

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Système mixte

Les systèmes mixtes sont des systèmes électoraux dans lesquels on intègre (scrutin mixte à finalité proportionnelle) ou bien on adjoint (scrutin parallèle) un scrutin majoritaire à un scrutin proportionnel afin d'élire une assemblée législative. Dans certains cas, il s'agit de compenser les conséquences de la surreprésentation d'une liste ayant obtenu le plus de voix dans le cadre d'un scrutin majoritaire. Cela a pour effet que des listes minoritaires soient quand même représentées au sein de l'assemblée concernée.

Mixed single vote

The mixed single vote (MSV) or positive vote transfer system (PVT) is a mixed-member electoral system, where voters cast a single vote in an election, which used both for electing a local candidate and as a vote for a party affiliated with that candidate according to the rules of the electoral system. Unlike the more widespread mixed proportional and mixed majoritarian systems (such as parallel voting) where voters cast two votes, split-ticket voting is either not possible or not allowed in MSV.

Mixed-member majoritarian representation

Mixed member majoritarian representation (MMM) is type of a mixed electoral system combining majoritarian and proportional methods, where the disproportional results of the majoritarian side of the system prevail over the proportional component. Mixed member majoritarian systems are therefore also as a type of semi-proportional representation, and are usually contrasted with mixed-member proportional representation (MMP) which aims to provide proportional representation via additional compensation ("top-up") seats.