Concept
Inferior good
Concepts associés (11)
Law of demand
In microeconomics, the law of demand is a fundamental principle which states that there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. In other words, "conditional on all else being equal, as the price of a good increases (↑), quantity demanded will decrease (↓); conversely, as the price of a good decreases (↓), quantity demanded will increase (↑)". Alfred Marshall worded this as: "When we say that a person's demand for anything increases, we mean that he will buy more of it than he would before at the same price, and that he will buy as much of it as before at a higher price".
Normal good
In economics, a normal good is a type of a good which experiences an increase in demand due to an increase in income, unlike inferior goods, for which the opposite is observed. When there is an increase in a person's income, for example due to a wage rise, a good for which the demand rises due to the wage increase, is referred as a normal good. Conversely, the demand for normal goods declines when the income decreases, for example due to a wage decrease or layoffs.
Effet Veblen
L’effet Veblen, ou effet de snobisme, a été mis en évidence par l’économiste et sociologue Thorstein Veblen, dans son ouvrage Théorie de la classe de loisir (1899). Dans le domaine des biens de luxe ou du moins ceux qui permettent une certaine distinction sociale, la baisse de prix de ces produits se traduit par une baisse de l'intérêt qu'ils présentent aux yeux de leurs acheteurs potentiels. De manière inverse, la hausse du prix d'un produit peut le rendre davantage désirable et le faire entrer dans la catégorie des biens dont la possession traduit un rang social élevé.
Demand
In economics, demand is the quantity of a good that consumers are willing and able to purchase at various prices during a given time. The relationship between price and quantity demand is also called the demand curve. Demand for a specific item is a function of an item's perceived necessity, price, perceived quality, convenience, available alternatives, purchasers' disposable income and tastes, and many other options. Innumerable factors and circumstances affect a consumer's willingness or to buy a good.
Bien de Giffen
Un bien de Giffen est un concept d'économie qui désigne un bien dont la demande augmente avec la hausse de prix. Ce concept appartient à la microéconomie. Il porte le nom de l'économiste écossais Robert Giffen. Lorsque la demande d'un bien augmente avec l'augmentation de son prix, cela peut signifier que le bien en question est un bien de consommation essentiel. Lorsque son prix augmente, les agents économiques diminuent la part de leur revenu attribuée à d'autres biens pour consacrer une plus large part de leur budget à ce bien essentiel.
Demand curve
In a demand schedule, a demand curve is a graph depicting the relationship between the price of a certain commodity (the y-axis) and the quantity of that commodity that is demanded at that price (the x-axis). Demand curves can be used either for the price-quantity relationship for an individual consumer (an individual demand curve), or for all consumers in a particular market (a market demand curve). It is generally assumed that demand curves slope down, as shown in the adjacent image.
Price elasticity of demand
A good's price elasticity of demand (, PED) is a measure of how sensitive the quantity demanded is to its price. When the price rises, quantity demanded falls for almost any good, but it falls more for some than for others. The price elasticity gives the percentage change in quantity demanded when there is a one percent increase in price, holding everything else constant. If the elasticity is −2, that means a one percent price rise leads to a two percent decline in quantity demanded.
Théorie du consommateur (microéconomie)
La théorie du consommateur est une théorie économique néoclassique ayant comme objectif de modéliser le comportement d'un agent économique en tant que consommateur de biens et de services. En application des principes de l'utilitarisme à l'économie, et dans le cadre du courant marginaliste, elle a été notamment développé sur la base des travaux de Heinrich Gossen (1810-1858) et Carl Menger (1840-1921). Elle est sous-tendue par la théorie de la valeur-utilité, en opposition à la théorie classique de valeur-travail.
Preference (economics)
In economics and other social sciences, preference refers to the order in which an agent ranks alternatives based on their relative utility. The process results in an "optimal choice" (whether real or theoretical). Preferences are evaluations and concern matter of value, typically in relation to practical reasoning. An individual's preferences are determined purely by a person's tastes as opposed to the good's prices, personal income, and the availability of goods. However, people are still expected to act in their best (rational) interest.
Substitute good
In microeconomics, two goods are substitutes if the products could be used for the same purpose by the consumers. That is, a consumer perceives both goods as similar or comparable, so that having more of one good causes the consumer to desire less of the other good. Contrary to complementary goods and independent goods, substitute goods may replace each other in use due to changing economic conditions. An example of substitute goods is Coca-Cola and Pepsi; the interchangeable aspect of these goods is due to the similarity of the purpose they serve, i.