South Shields (ˈʃiːlz) is a coastal town in South Tyneside, Tyne and Wear, England. It is on the south bank of the mouth of the River Tyne. Historically, it was known in Roman times as Arbeia, and as Caer Urfa by Early Middle Ages. According to the 2011 census, the town had a population of 75,337. It is the fourth largest settlement in Tyne and Wear; after Newcastle upon Tyne, Sunderland and Gateshead.
Historically within the ceremonial county of Durham, and located at the extreme northeast part of the Durham Coast and the Wearside conurbation, South Shields faces directly north towards the towns of North Shields and Tynemouth across the River Tyne. Newcastle upon Tyne is directly north west and the town of Jarrow is to the west of the town.
History of South Shields
The first evidence of a settlement within what is now the town of South Shields dates from pre-historic times. Stone Age arrow heads and an Iron Age round house have been discovered on the site of Arbeia Roman Fort. The Roman garrison built a fort here around AD 160 and expanded it around AD 208 to help supply their soldiers along Hadrian's Wall as they campaigned north beyond the Antonine Wall. Divisions living at the fort included Tigris bargemen (from Persia and modern day Iraq), infantry from Iberia and Gaul, and Syrian archers and spearmen. The fort was abandoned as the Roman Empire declined in the fourth century AD. Many ruins still exist today and some structures have been rebuilt as part of a modern museum and popular tourist attraction.
There is evidence that the site was used in the early post-Roman period as a British settlement. It is believed it became a royal residence of King Osric of Deira; records show that his son Oswin was born within 'Caer Urfa', by which name the fort is thought to be known after the Romans left. Furthermore, Bede records Oswin giving a parcel of land to St Hilda for the foundation of a monastery here in 647; the present-day church of St Hilda, by the Market Place, is said to stand on the monastic site.
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Le Tyneside est une conurbation du nord-est de l'Angleterre, telle que définie par le Office for National Statistics (« Bureau national des statistiques »), qui abrite plus de de la population du comté de Tyne and Wear. Elle comprend la ville de Newcastle upon Tyne et les arrondissements métropolitains de Gateshead, North Tyneside et South Tyneside, qui sont tous situés sur les rives de la rivière Tyne. La population de l'agglomération était de selon le recensement de 2001, ce qui en fait la sixième plus grande agglomération du Royaume-Uni.
Geordie (ˈdʒɔːrdi) is a nickname for a person from the Tyneside area of North East England and the dialect used by its inhabitants, also known in linguistics as Tyneside English or Newcastle English. There are different definitions of what constitutes a Geordie. The term is used and has been historically used to refer to the people of the North East. A Geordie can also specifically be a native of Tyneside (especially Newcastle upon Tyne) and the surrounding areas. Not everyone from the North East of England identifies as a Geordie.
Tynemouth est une ville d'Angleterre, dans le comté de Tyne and Wear. Située à l'embouchure de la Tyne, dont elle tire son nom, entre North Shields et Whitley Bay, elle compte habitants. Elle fait partie du district métropolitain de North Tyneside. L'embouchure de la Tyne est habitée depuis l'âge du fer. Au , un monastère y fut construit : pillé par les Danois en 800, reconstruit, détruit de nouveau en 875, il fut rebâti et fortifié en 1083. Trois rois y seraient enterrés : Oswine de Deira, Osred II de Northumbrie et Malcolm III d'Écosse.