Geordie (ˈdʒɔːrdi) is a nickname for a person from the Tyneside area of North East England and the dialect used by its inhabitants, also known in linguistics as Tyneside English or Newcastle English. There are different definitions of what constitutes a Geordie. The term is used and has been historically used to refer to the people of the North East. A Geordie can also specifically be a native of Tyneside (especially Newcastle upon Tyne) and the surrounding areas. Not everyone from the North East of England identifies as a Geordie.
Geordie is a continuation and development of the language spoken by Anglo-Saxon settlers, initially employed by the ancient Brythons to fight the Pictish invaders after the end of Roman rule in Britain in the 5th century. The Angles, Saxons and Jutes who arrived became ascendant politically and culturally over the native British through subsequent migration from tribal homelands along the North Sea coast of mainland Europe. The Anglo-Saxon kingdoms that emerged in the Dark Ages spoke largely mutually intelligible varieties of what is now called Old English, each varying somewhat in phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexicon. This linguistic conservatism means that poems by the Anglo-Saxon scholar the Venerable Bede translate more successfully into Geordie than into Standard English.
In Northern England and the Scottish borders, then dominated by the kingdom of Northumbria, there developed a distinct Northumbrian Old English dialect. Later Irish migrants possibly influenced Geordie phonology from the early 19th century onwards.
The British Library points out that the Norse, who primarily lived south of the River Tees, affected the language in Yorkshire but not in regions to the north. This source adds that "the border skirmishes that broke out sporadically during the Middle Ages meant the River Tweed established itself as a significant northern barrier against Scottish influence". Today, many who speak the Geordie dialect use words such as gan ('go' – modern German gehen) and bairn ('child' – modern Danish barn), which "can still trace their roots right back to the Angles".
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Langlais (English ; prononcé : ) est une langue indo-européenne germanique originaire d'Angleterre qui tire ses racines de langues du nord de l'Europe (terre d'origine des Angles, des Saxons et des Frisons) dont le vocabulaire a été enrichi et la syntaxe et la grammaire modifiées par le français anglo-normand, apporté par les Normands, puis par le français avec les Plantagenêt. La langue anglaise est ainsi composée d'environ 29 % de mots d'origine normande et française et plus des deux tiers de son vocabulaire proviennent du français ou du latin.
South Shields est une ville côtière à l'embouchure de la rivière Tyne située dans le district métropolitain de South Tyneside. Elle se trouve à environ 8 km en aval de Newcastle-upon-Tyne, au Nord-Est de l'Angleterre, située dans le comté de Tyne and Wear. Cette ville portuaire compte près de 83 000 habitants. Un dispositif de plusieurs phares permet la navigation maritime à l'entrée de la rivière et de . Phare de Herd Groyne Phare de Tyne North Pier Phare de Tyne South Pier Ramón Zabalo, international espagnol de football (né le ).
The close and mid-height front vowels of English (vowels of i and e type) have undergone a variety of changes over time and often vary by dialect. Middle English had a long close front vowel /iː/, and two long mid front vowels: the close-mid /eː/ and the open-mid /ɛː/. The three vowels generally correspond to the modern spellings , and respectively, but other spellings are also possible. The spellings that became established in Early Modern English are mostly still used today, but the qualities of the sounds have changed significantly.