Concept
Défécation obstruée
Concepts associés (12)
Défécographie
La défécographie est un examen radiologique de la fonction de vidange de l'anse rectale, de la réaction pelvienne, effectuée dans des conditions les plus proches possible d'une défécation normale. Un produit opaque aux rayons X, consistant comme les selles, est introduite par l'anus par seringue à concurrence d'environ 250 à 300 ml. Le vagin et les anses de l'intestin sont aussi opacifiés par l'injection d'un liquide spécial. Le patient est ensuite prié de s'asseoir, dans la salle d'examen, sur un WC spécial, exactement comme à la maison et en toute intimité.
Anorectal manometry
Anorectal manometry (ARM) is a medical test used to measure pressures in the anus and rectum and to assess their function. The test is performed by inserting a catheter, that contains a probe embedded with pressure sensors, through the anus and into the rectum. Patients may be asked to perform certain maneuvers, such as coughing or attempting to defecate, to assess for pressure changes. Anorectal manometry is a safe and low risk procedure.
Anismus
Anismus or dyssynergic defecation is the failure of normal relaxation of pelvic floor muscles during attempted defecation. It can occur in both children and adults, and in both men and women (although it is more common in women). It can be caused by physical defects or it can occur for other reasons or unknown reasons. Anismus that has a behavioral cause could be viewed as having similarities with parcopresis, or psychogenic fecal retention. Symptoms include tenesmus (the sensation of incomplete emptying of the rectum after defecation has occurred) and constipation.
Descending perineum syndrome
Descending perineum syndrome (also known as levator plate sagging) refers to a condition where the perineum "balloons" several centimeters below the bony outlet of the pelvis during strain, although this descent may happen without straining. The syndrome was first described in 1966 by Parks et al. Abnormal descent of the perineum may be asymptomatic, but otherwise the following may feature: perineodynia (perineal pain) Colo-proctological symptoms, e.g. obstructed defecation, dyschesia (constipation), or degrees of fecal incontinence gynaecological symptoms, e.
Prolapsus rectal
thumb|Prolapsus rectal Le prolapsus rectal est une pathologie causée par des distensions du rectum et induisant une difficulté à contrôler les défécations, et pouvant aller jusqu'à l'incontinence anale. Ces distensions sont provoquées en particulier lors de l'évacuation des selles : le rectum sort alors légèrement à travers l'anus, d'où la justification de l'étymologie latine « pro-lapsus », soit « glissement en avant ».
Rectocele
In gynecology, a rectocele (ˈrɛktəsiːl ) or posterior vaginal wall prolapse results when the rectum bulges (herniates) into the vagina. Two common causes of this defect are childbirth and hysterectomy. Rectocele also tends to occur with other forms of pelvic organ prolapse, such as enterocele, sigmoidocele and cystocele. Although the term applies most often to this condition in females, males can also develop it. Rectoceles in men are uncommon, and associated with prostatectomy.
Incontinence fécale
Fecal incontinence (FI), or in some forms encopresis, is a lack of control over defecation, leading to involuntary loss of bowel contents, both liquid stool elements and mucus, or solid feces. When this loss includes flatus (gas), it is referred to as anal incontinence. FI is a sign or a symptom, not a diagnosis. Incontinence can result from different causes and might occur with either constipation or diarrhea. Continence is maintained by several interrelated factors, including the anal sampling mechanism, and incontinence usually results from a deficiency of multiple mechanisms.
Rome process
The Rome process and Rome criteria are an international effort to create scientific data to help in the diagnosis and treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia and rumination syndrome. The Rome diagnostic criteria are set forth by Rome Foundation, a not for profit 501(c)(3) organization based in Raleigh, North Carolina, United States. Several systematic approaches attempted to classify functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs).
Trouble gastro-intestinal fonctionnel
Les troubles gastro-intestinaux fonctionnels, également connus sous le nom de troubles de l'interaction intestin-cerveau, comprennent un certain nombre de troubles idiopathiques distincts qui affectent différentes parties du tractus gastro-intestinal et impliquent une hypersensibilité viscérale et des troubles de la motilité. Des termes tels que maladie colique fonctionnelle (ou trouble intestinal fonctionnel ) désignent en médecine un groupe de troubles gastro-intestinaux caractérisés par des affections abdominales chroniques sans cause structurelle ou biochimique pouvant expliquer les symptômes.
Biofeedback
vignette|Séance de neurofeedback avec sujet adulte ou enfant Au sens large, la rétroaction biologique ou rétrocontrôle biologique ou le biofeedback est un ensemble de techniques principalement relatives à la bioélectricité pour la mesure de fonctions organiques qui repose sur la visualisation, avec des appareils électriques, des signaux physiologiques d'un sujet conscient de ces mesures.