Carbon fee and dividendA carbon fee and dividend or climate income is a system to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and address climate change. The system imposes a carbon tax on the sale of fossil fuels, and then distributes the revenue of this tax over the entire population (equally, on a per-person basis) as a monthly income or regular payment. Since the adoption of the system in Canada and Switzerland, it has gained increased interest worldwide as a cross-sector and socially just approach to reducing emissions and tackling climate change.
Bien collectifEn économie publique, un bien collectif est un bien dont la consommation par un individu supplémentaire ne réduit pas la satisfaction des autres. Le bien collectif existant ou créé, est accessible à tous sans condition : comme l'air pur, une justice intègre et rapide, un réseau de téléphone qui fonctionne bien, une bonne route. Il existe aussi des services collectifs rendus par un bien privé tel que la radio ou les autoroutes. Les exemples typiques sont les forêts, les espaces maritimes de pêche, les nappes d'eau souterraines ou les systèmes d'irrigation.
Bilan carboneLe bilan carbone lié à la fabrication d'un produit ou à l'activité d'une entité humaine (individu, groupe, collectivité) est un outil de comptabilisation de ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Il tient compte de l'énergie primaire et de l'énergie finale de ces produits et services. Le bilan carbone vise à renseigner les systèmes d'échange de type bourse du carbone, à poser les bases de solutions efficaces de réduction de la consommation énergétique, et peut optimiser la fiscalité écologique (taxe carbone.
Personal carbon tradingCarbon rationing, as a means of reducing CO2 emissions to contain climate change, could take any of several forms. One of them, personal carbon trading, is the generic term for a number of proposed emissions trading schemes under which emissions credits would be allocated to adult individuals on a (broadly) equal per capita basis, within national carbon budgets. Individuals then surrender these credits when buying fuel or electricity.
REDD and REDD+REDD originally referred to "reducing emissions from deforestation in developing countries", which was the title of the original document on REDD. It was superseded by REDD+ in the Warsaw Framework on REDD-plus negotiations. REDD+ (or REDD-plus) refers to "reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries" (emphasis added).
Cap and ShareCap and Share is a regulatory and economic framework for controlling the use of fossil fuels in relation to climate stabilisation. Originally developed by Feasta (the Foundation for the Economics of Sustainability), the foundation believed that climate change is a global problem and that there is a need to cap and reduce greenhouse gas emissions globally, the philosophy of Cap and Share maintains that the earth’s atmosphere is a fundamental common resource.
Climate change scenarioClimate change scenarios or socioeconomic scenarios are projections of future greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions used by analysts to assess future vulnerability to climate change. Scenarios and pathways are created by scientists to survey any long term routes and explore the effectiveness of mitigation and helps us understand what the future may hold this will allow us to envision the future of human environment system. Producing scenarios requires estimates of future population levels, economic activity, the structure of governance, social values, and patterns of technological change.
Market distortionIn neoclassical economics, a market distortion is any event in which a market reaches a market clearing price for an item that is substantially different from the price that a market would achieve while operating under conditions of perfect competition and state enforcement of legal contracts and the ownership of private property. A distortion is "any departure from the ideal of perfect competition that therefore interferes with economic agents maximizing social welfare when they maximize their own".
Perverse incentiveA perverse incentive is an incentive that has an unintended and undesirable result that is contrary to the intentions of its designers. The cobra effect is the most direct kind of perverse incentive, typically because the incentive unintentionally rewards people for making the issue worse. The term is used to illustrate how incorrect stimulation in economics and politics can cause unintended consequences. The term cobra effect was coined by economist Horst Siebert on the basis of an anecdote of an occurrence in India during British rule.
Action des entreprises sur le réchauffement climatiqueL'action des entreprises sur le réchauffement climatique comprend un éventail d'activités liées au réchauffement climatique et l'influence des entreprises sur les décisions politiques concernant la réglementation, comme le Protocole de Kyoto ou l'accord de Paris. Les grandes multinationales ont joué et, dans une certaine mesure, continuent de jouer un rôle important dans la politique climatique, en particulier aux États-Unis, par leur lobbying auprès du gouvernement et par le financement des négateurs du réchauffement climatique.
