AlvarLes Alvars (ஆழ்வார்கள்), qui signifie: « ceux qui sont immergés en Dieu », étaient douze saints-poètes tamouls de l'Inde du Sud, qui vivaient entre les et s en adhérant à la « dévotion émotionnelle » ou bhakti envers Vishnu et ses avatars tels Krishna et Rāma, dans leurs chants extatiques. Il s'agit exclusivement de vishnouïtes, qui, durant les premiers temps médiévaux de l'histoire du Tamil Nadu, aidèrent à faire revivre la pratique de la dévotion hindouiste bhakti écrivant des hymnes suivant leurs pèlerinages et donc les visites des temples qui les accueillaient.
Distique (littérature)A couplet is a pair of successive lines of metre in poetry. A couplet usually consists of two successive lines that rhyme and have the same metre. A couplet may be formal (closed) or run-on (open). In a formal (or closed) couplet, each of the two lines is end-stopped, implying that there is a grammatical pause at the end of a line of verse. In a run-on (or open) couplet, the meaning of the first line continues to the second. The word "couplet" comes from the French word meaning "two pieces of iron riveted or hinged together".
IndologieL'indologie, ou indianisme, est l'étude des langues du sous-continent indien telles que le sanskrit, mais également de leurs civilisations. Faisant appel aux ressources de plusieurs sciences humaines (ethnologie, linguistique, archéologie), l'indologue, ou indianiste, s'appuie principalement sur des sources textuelles. João de Lucena (1549-1600) Diogo do Couto (1542-1616) William Jones (1746-1794) John Muir (indianiste) (1810-1882) Franz Felix Adalbert Kuhn (1812-1881) Robert Caldwell (1814-1891) Ivan Mina
KaveriLa Cauvery ou Kaveri (en காவிரி ஆறு et en ಕಾವೇರಿ ನದಿ, kāverī) - le Khaberos de Ptolémée - est un des principaux fleuves du sud de l'Inde dans les deux états Karnataka (à l'est) et Tamil Nadu (à l'ouest), qui se jette dans le golfe du Bengale, près de . Long de à selon les sources, la Cauvery prend sa source dans les Ghats occidentaux, dans le district de Kodagu (Karnataka), traverse l'État du Tamil Nadu puis se jette dans le golfe du Bengale, à Poompuhar (district de Nagapattinam), en un grand delta de plus de , très fertile et aménagé de canaux d'irrigation, parmi les plus anciens du pays, certains comme le barrage Grand Anikut ou Kallanai construit au par Karikala datent de la grande période de la dynastie Chola dont le bassin du fleuve est le berceau.
Tamil mythologyTamil mythology refers to the folklore and traditions that are a part of the wider Dravidian pantheon, originating from the Tamil people. This body of mythology is a fusion of elements from Dravidian culture and the parent Indus Valley culture, both of which have been syncretised with mainstream Hinduism. Tamil literature, in tandem with Sanskrit literature and the Sthala puranas of temples, form a major source of information regarding Tamil mythology.
ValayapathiValaiyapadhi (வளையாபதி; ), also spelled Valayapathi, is one of the five great Tamil epics, but one that is almost entirely lost. It is a story of a father who has two wives, abandons one who gives birth to their son, and the son grows up and seeks his real father. The dominant emotion of this epic is love, and its predominant object is the inculcation of Jain principles and doctrines. Palm-leaf manuscripts of the epic likely existed until the 19th-century, but presently only uncertain fragments of the epic are known from commentaries and the 14th-century anthology Purattirattu.
Tamil MuslimTamil Muslims are Tamils who practise Islam. The community is 6 million in India, primarily in the state of Tamil Nadu where 70% of the Muslim community identified themselves as Tamils. In Tamil Nadu, the majority of Tamil-speaking Muslims belong to the Rowther, Marakkayar, Labbai, and Kayalar clans. Other Muslims in the region are descendants of unions between Arab-origin Moorish Muslims and Tamil women, as well as local converts. However, the majority of these individuals are native Tamils who converted influenced by Tajuddin Cheraman Perumal.
Subramanya BharathiSubramanya Bharathi (சுப்பிரமணிய பாரதி, çuppiramaṇiya pārati) ( - ) était un poète indien de langue tamoule. Connu sous le nom de Mahakavi Bharathi (l'épithète laudative Maha Kavi veut dire « Grand Poète » en tamoul), il est célébré comme l'un des plus grands poètes de l'Inde. Son nom est profondément lié à Pondichéry, alors territoire français, où il passa , de 26 à , de sa courte existence. Bharathi fut très prolifique, tant sous forme de prose que sous forme de poèmes et chansons.
PatiṟṟuppattuThe Patiṟṟuppattu (பதிற்றுப்பத்து, പതിറ്റുപ്പത്ത്, lit. Ten Tens, sometimes spelled Pathitrupathu,) is a classical Tamil poetic work and one of the Eight Anthologies (Ettuthokai) in Sangam literature. A panegyric collection, it contains puram (war and public life) poems. The Chera kings, known as the Cheramal, are the centre of the work. Its invocatory poem is about Maayon, or Perumal (deity) (Vishnu). The Patiṟṟuppattu originally contained ten sections of ten poems, each section dedicated to a decade of rule in ancient Kerala (Cerals, Chera); the first and last sections have been lost.
ArunagirinatharArunagirinaadhar (Aruna-giri-naadhar, , aɾuɳaɡɯɾɯn̪aːdar) was a Tamil Saiva saint-poet who lived during the 13th century in Tamil Nadu, India. In his treatise A History of Indian Literature (1974), Czech Indologist Kamil Zvelebil places Arunagirinathar's period between circa 1370 CE and circa 1450 CE. He was the creator of Thiruppugal, , tiɾupːɯɡaɻ, meaning "Holy Praise" or "Divine Glory"), a book of poems in Tamil in praise of lord Murugan. His poems are known for their lyricism coupled with complex rhymes and rhythmic structures.
