Résumé
A melody (from Greek μελῳδία, melōidía, "singing, chanting"), also tune, voice or line, is a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. In its most literal sense, a melody is a combination of pitch and rhythm, while more figuratively, the term can include other musical elements such as tonal color. It is the foreground to the background accompaniment. A line or part need not be a foreground melody. Melodies often consist of one or more musical phrases or motifs, and are usually repeated throughout a composition in various forms. Melodies may also be described by their melodic motion or the pitches or the intervals between pitches (predominantly conjunct or disjunct or with further restrictions), pitch range, tension and release, continuity and coherence, cadence, and shape. Johann Philipp Kirnberger argued: The true goal of music—its proper enterprise—is melody. All the parts of harmony have as their ultimate purpose only beautiful melody. Therefore, the question of which is the more significant, melody or harmony, is futile. Beyond doubt, the means is subordinate to the end. The Norwegian composer Marcus Paus has argued: Melody is to music what a scent is to the senses: it jogs our memory. It gives face to form, and identity and character to the process and proceedings. It is not only a musical subject, but a manifestation of the musically subjective. It carries and radiates personality with as much clarity and poignancy as harmony and rhythm combined. As such a powerful tool of communication, melody serves not only as protagonist in its own drama, but as messenger from the author to the audience. Given the many and varied elements and styles of melody "many extant explanations [of melody] confine us to specific stylistic models, and they are too exclusive." Paul Narveson claimed in 1984 that more than three-quarters of melodic topics had not been explored thoroughly.
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Concepts associés (34)
Polyphonie
thumb|right|Guillaume Dufay (à gauche) et Gilles Binchois. En musique, la polyphonie est la combinaison de plusieurs mélodies, ou de parties musicales, chantées ou jouées en même temps. Dans la musique occidentale, la polyphonie désigne le système de composition musicale, créé à l'église à partir du environ et qui connut un brillant développement, depuis un premier apogée aux , jusqu'à la fin de la Renaissance (fin du ) et au-delà. À partir de la deuxième moitié du , la pensée et le sentiment harmonique naissants prirent une place de plus en plus importante.
Round (music)
A round (also called a perpetual canon [canon perpetuus] or infinite canon) is a musical composition, a limited type of canon, in which a minimum of three voices sing exactly the same melody at the unison (and may continue repeating it indefinitely), but with each voice beginning at different times so that different parts of the melody coincide in the different voices, but nevertheless fit harmoniously together. It is one of the easiest forms of part singing, as only one line of melody need be learned by all parts, and is part of a popular musical tradition.
Harmonie
vignette|upright=1|Harmoniques En musique, lharmonie est le fait que divers sons perçus ensemble concordent ou vont bien ensemble : par exemple, lorsque la musique jouée par plusieurs instruments semble harmonieuse. Dans la théorie de la musique occidentale, l'art de l'harmonie étudie la construction des accords, les principes qui les gouvernent et leurs enchaînements. On parle alors de l'aspect « vertical » (instruments simultanés) de la musique par opposition à la dimension « horizontale » (mélodie).
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