Vêtement | EPFL Graph Search

Êtes-vous un étudiant de l'EPFL à la recherche d'un projet de semestre?

Travaillez avec nous sur des projets en science des données et en visualisation, et déployez votre projet sous forme d'application sur GraphSearch.

Découvrez-en plus sur les applications Graph.

Un vêtement est un article d’habillement servant à couvrir une partie du corps humain. Il est le plus souvent en tissu mais les matériaux utilisés pour sa fabrication tendent à se diversifier au fil des siècles. La raison d’être d'un vêtement varie fortement selon les cultures et les périodes de l’histoire : pratique (protection), symbolique (signaler une posture morale) ou encore sociale (afficher un statut). Origines Histoire du costume vignette|redresse=1.5|Plusieurs espèces d'animaux à fourrure étaient utilisées pour confectionner des vêtements en cuir au Paléolithique. Le Néolithique se caractérisera par l'invention du tissu pour les vêtements grâce à la culture du chanvre et du lin et le développement d'un artisanat lié au textile. Les vêtements de cuir ou de fourrure ont probablement été les premiers à avoir été portés durant la Préhistoire. Homo sapiens aurait commencé à se vêtir il y a , puisque la génétique fait remonter à cette époque les premiers poux de corps

À propos de ce résultat

Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.

Publications associées (10)

Publications associées

Chargement

Personnes associées (1)

Personnes associées

Chargement

Unités associées (1)

Unités associées

Chargement

Concepts associés (40)

Concepts associés

Chargement

Cours associés (11)

Cours associés

Chargement

Séances de cours associées (16)

Afficher plus

Séances de cours associées

Chargement

Experimental investigation of the human convective boundary layer in a quiescent indoor environment

Dusan Licina

This study aims to characterize human convective boundary layer (CBL) in a quiescent indoor environment. The study has two objectives: first, to characterize the velocity field around the thermal manikin under two ambient temperatures and body postures; and secondly, the influence of clothing insulation/design, chair design, table positioning and seated body inclination on airflow characteristics in the breathing zone of a sitting manikin is examined. The increase of the ambient temperature from 20 to 26 °C widens the CBL flow in front of the sitting manikin but do not influence the shape of the CBL in front of the standing manikin. The same temperature increase causes the reduction of the CBL mean peak velocity from 0.24 to 0.16 m/s in front of the sitting manikin. Dressing the nude manikin with thin-tight clothing ensemble reduces the peak velocity in the breathing zone from 0.205 m/s by 17%, and by 40% for thick-loose ensemble. Removing the wig increases the peak velocity from 0.17 to 0.187 m/s. Clothing and chair design have a minor influence on the velocity profile beyond 5 cm distance from the body. Closing the gap between the table and the manikin reduces the peak velocity from 0.17 to 0.111 m/s. Manikin leaned backwards induces the peak velocity of 0.185 m/s, which is 45% above the case when manikin is leaned forward. PIV measurements complemented with Pseudo color visualization (PCV) technique provide a good synergy between quantitative and qualitative airflow characteristics and can be adequately employed for the CBL investigation.

2014

Chargement

Emission rates and the personal cloud effect associated with particle release from the perihuman environment

Dusan Licina

Inhalation exposure to elevated particulate matter levels is correlated with deleterious health and well‐being outcomes. Despite growing evidence that identifies humans as sources of coarse airborne particles, the extent to which personal exposures are influenced by particle releases near occupants is unknown. In a controlled chamber, we monitored airborne total particle levels with high temporal and particle‐size resolution for a range of simulated occupant activities. We also sampled directly from the subject's breathing zone to characterize exposures. A material‐balance model showed that a sitting occupant released 8 million particles/h in the diameter range 1‐10 μm. Elevated emissions were associated with increased intensity of upper body movements and with walking. Emissions were correlated with exposure, but not linearly. The personal PM10 exposure increment above the room‐average levels was 1.6‐13 μg/m3 during sitting, owing to spatial heterogeneity of particulate matter concentrations, a feature that was absent during walking. The personal cloud was more discernible among larger particles, as would be expected for shedding from skin and clothing. Manipulating papers and clothing fabric was a strong source of airborne particles. An increase in personal exposure was observed owing to particle mass exchange associated with a second room occupant.

2016

Chargement

Clothing as a transport vector for airborne particles: Chamber study

Dusan Licina

Strong evidence suggests that clothing serves as a reservoir of chemical pollutants and particles, including bioaerosols, which may have health significance. However, little is known about the role that clothing may play as a transport vector for inhaled airborne particles. Here, we contribute toward bridging the knowledge gap by conducting experiments to investigate clothing release fraction (CRF), determined as the size‐dependent ratio of released to deposited particulate matter in the diameter range 0.5‐10 μm. In a fully controlled chamber with low background particle levels, we deployed a programmable robot to reproducibly quantify the size‐dependent CRF as a function of motion type and intensity, dust loadings, and activity duration. On average, 0.3%‐3% of deposited particles were subsequently released with fabric motion, confirming that clothing can act as a vehicle for transporting airborne particles. The CRF increased with the vigor of movement and with dust loading. Rubbing and shaking the fabric were more effective than fabric stretching in resuspending particles. We also found that most of the release happened quickly after the onset of the resuspension activity. Particle size substantially influenced the CRF, with larger particles exhibiting higher values.

2018

Chargement

Textile

vignette|La Fileuse, William Bouguereau, . vignette|Détail d'un objet tissé. Un textile est un matériau susceptible d'être tissé ou tricoté. Initialement, il désigne donc un matériau qui peut se divi

Mode (habillement)

thumb|Gisele Bündchen défilant en 2006. La mode (ou les modes), et plus précisément la mode vestimentaire, désigne la manière de se vêtir, conformément au goût d'une époque dans une région donnée. C

Stylisme

vignette|Des hommes tirent des étagères de vêtements sur un trottoir très fréquenté du Garment District, à New York. Le stylisme ou la création de mode est un métier de la mode consistant à imaginer e

CIVIL-450: Thermodynamics of comfort in buildings

This course provides an integrated approach to analyzing human indoor thermal comfort by examining the correlation between human thermoregulation, heat exchange with the indoor environment, overall and local thermal sensation of occupants.

CIVIL-212: Fundamentals of indoor climate

Indoor climate is of great significance to our well-being. This course offers a fundamental knowledge of the parameters that influence indoor climate (air quality and thermal environment). It also gives an overview of building controls methods that contribute to more comfortable and safe spaces.

MGT-201: Introduction to entrepreneurship

This course provides an introduction to the topic of entrepreneurship, the process of new firm creation and the commercialization of technologies. The course integrates theories of entrepreneurship with a practical, process-based project in which students develop a business concept in teams.