Eurocommunismevignette|Enrico Berlinguer du Parti communiste italien (PCI) et Santiago Carrillo du Parti communiste d'Espagne (PCE) L'eurocommunisme est une réforme politique adoptée de concert par des partis communistes d'Europe de l'Ouest durant la seconde moitié des années 1970, en opposition au marxisme-léninisme de l'Union soviétique. L'eurocommunisme a été mis de l'avant principalement par le Parti communiste d'Espagne (PCE), le Parti communiste italien (PCI) et le Parti communiste français (PCF) et visait à conjuguer la démocratie et le pluralisme et la transformation socialiste.
Industrial democracyIndustrial democracy is an arrangement which involves workers making decisions, sharing responsibility and authority in the workplace. While in participative management organizational designs workers are listened to and take part in the decision-making process, in organizations employing industrial democracy they also have the final decisive power (they decide about organizational design and hierarchy as well). In company law, the term generally used is co-determination, following the German word Mitbestimmung.
Socialistes démocrates d'AmériqueLes Socialistes démocrates d'Amérique (en anglais Democratic Socialists of America ou DSA) sont une organisation socialiste démocrate américaine. L'organisation n'est plus membre de l'Internationale socialiste depuis que son congrès d' a décidé de quitter cette organisation, critiquant son appui aux politiques néolibérales. L'organisation a été fondée lors de la disparition du Parti socialiste d'Amérique en 1973, dont une partie est devenue l'actuel Parti socialiste des États-Unis et une autre le Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee, devenu depuis 1982 les Democratic Socialists of America.
Ethical socialismEthical socialism is a political philosophy that appeals to socialism on ethical and moral grounds as opposed to consumeristic, economic, and egoistic grounds. It emphasizes the need for a morally conscious economy based upon the principles of altruism, cooperation, and social justice while opposing possessive individualism. In contrast to socialism inspired by historical materialism, Marxist theory, neoclassical economics, and rationalism which base their appeals for socialism on grounds of economic efficiency, historical inevitability, or rationality, ethical socialism focuses on the moral and ethical reasons for advocating socialism.
ChartismeLe chartisme est un mouvement politique ouvrier qui se développa au Royaume-Uni au milieu du , à la suite de l'adoption de la « Charte du peuple » (People's Charter). En 1832, la réforme électorale (Reform Act 1832) établit un système électoral censitaire, au détriment des classes populaires. La Charte populaire fut adoptée en 1838, à l'initiative de l'Association des travailleurs londoniens.
Économie participativeL'économie participative, également traduit par économie participaliste (en anglais, participatory economics, désignée par l'abréviation pare-con) est un modèle théorique de système économique, destiné à fournir une alternative au capitalisme comme à l'économie planifiée. Il est basé sur les travaux du théoricien Michael Albert et de l'économiste Robin Hahnel dans les années 1980-1990. Les valeurs fondamentales que cherche à mettre en œuvre l'économie participative sont : l'équité, la solidarité, la diversité et l'auto-gestion.
Deformed workers' stateIn Trotskyist political theory, deformed workers' states are states where the capitalist class has been overthrown, the economy is largely state owned and planned, but there is no internal democracy or workers' control of industry. In a deformed workers' state, the working class has never held political power like it did in Russia shortly after the Russian Revolution. These states are considered deformed because their political and economic structures have been imposed from the top (or from outside), and because revolutionary working class organizations are crushed.
Administrative-command systemThe administrative-command system (Administrativno-komandnaya sistema), also known as the command-administrative system, is the system of management of an economy of a state characterized by the rigid centralization of economic planning and distribution of goods, based on the state ownership of the means of production and carried out by the governmental and communist party bureaucracies ("nomenklatura") in the absence of a market economy. The term is used to describe the economy of the Soviet Union and the economies of the Soviet Bloc which closely followed the Soviet model.
Welfare capitalismWelfare capitalism is capitalism that includes social welfare policies and/or the practice of businesses providing welfare services to their employees. Welfare capitalism in this second sense, or industrial paternalism, was centered on industries that employed skilled labor and peaked in the mid-20th century. Today, welfare capitalism is most often associated with the models of capitalism found in Central Mainland and Northern Europe, such as the Nordic model and social market economy (also known as Rhine capitalism and social capitalism).
Agrarian socialismAgrarian socialism is a political ideology that promotes social ownership of agrarian and agricultural production as opposed to private ownership. Agrarian socialism involves equally distributing agricultural land among collectivized peasant villages. Many agrarian socialist movements have tended to be rural (with an emphasis on decentralization and non-state forms of collective ownership), locally focused, and traditional.
