Visiteur (patron de conception)

En programmation orientée objet et en génie logiciel, le patron de conception comportemental visiteur est une manière de séparer un algorithme d'une structure de données. Définition Le Gang of Four définit le visiteur comme: Représentant [ing] une opération à effectuer sur des éléments d'une structure d'objet. Visitor permet de définir une nouvelle opération sans changer les classes des éléments sur lesquels elle opère. La nature du visiteur en fait un modèle idéal pour se connecter aux API publiques permettant ainsi à ses clients d'effectuer des opérations sur une classe en utilisant une classe "visitante" sans avoir à modifier la source. Principe alt=patron de conception visiteur|vignette|patron de conception visiteur Ce modèle de conception permet à une classe externe d'être informée du type exact d'instances d'un ensemble de classes. Cela permet de mettre en place un traitement adapté aux détails publics des objets en cause. Par exemple un visiteur es

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Acute stress alters individual risk taking in a time-dependent manner and leads to anti-social risk

Samuel Bendahan, Lorenz Goette, Fiona Hollis, Leyla Loued-Khenissi, Maria del Carmen Sandi Perez, John Christian Thoresen

Decision-making processes can be modulated by stress, and the time elapsed from stress induction seems to be a crucial factor in determining the direction of the effects. Although current approaches consider the ﬁrst post-stress hour a uniform period, the dynamic pattern of activation of the physiological stress systems (i.e., the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pitui- tary-adrenal axis) suggests that its neurobehavioural impact might be heterogeneous. Here, we evaluate economic risk prefer- ences on the gain domain (i.e., risk aversion) at three time points following exposure to psychosocial stress (immediately after, and 20 and 45 min from onset). Using lottery games, we examine decisions at both the individual and social levels. We ﬁnd that risk aversion shows a time-dependent change across the ﬁrst post-stress hour, evolving from less risk aversion shortly after stress to more risk averse behaviour at the last testing time. When risk implied an antisocial outcome to a third party, stressed individuals showed less regard for this person in their decisions. Participants’ cortisol levels explained their behaviour in the risk, but not the antisocial, game. Our ﬁndings reveal differential stress effects in self- and other-regarding decision-making and high- light the multidimensional nature of the immediate aftermath of stress for cognition.

2017

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Colored Local Type Inference (colored version) (black and white version)

Martin Odersky, Matthias Zenger

We present a type system for a language based on F-sub, which allows certain type annotations to be elided in actual programs. Local type inference determines types by a combination of type propagation and local constraint solving, rather than by global constraint solving. We refine the previously existing local type inference system of Pierce and Turner [ Local Type Inference, POPL 98] by allowing partial type information to be propagated. This is expressed by coloring types to indicate propagation directions. Propagating partial type information allows us to omit type annotations for the visitor pattern, the analogue of pattern matching in languages without sum types.

2001

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The Places of Our Lives: Visiting Patterns and Automatic Labeling from Longitudinal Smartphone Data

Daniel Gatica-Perez

The location tracking functionality of modern mobile devices provides unprecedented opportunity to the understanding of individual mobility in daily life. Instead of studying raw geographic coordinates, we are interested in understanding human mobility patterns based on sequences of place visits which encode, at a coarse resolution, most daily activities. This paper presents a study on place characterization in people's everyday life based on data recorded continuously by smartphones. First, we study human mobility from sequences of place visits, including visiting patterns on different place categories. Second, we address the problem of automatic place labeling from smartphone data without using any geo-location information. Our study on a large-scale data collected from 114 smartphone users over 18 months confirms many intuitions, and also reveals findings regarding both regularly and novelty trends in visiting patterns. Considering the problem of place labeling with 10 place categories, we show that frequently visited places can be recognized reliably (over 80%) while it is much more challenging to recognize infrequent places.

2014

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Patron de conception

En informatique, et plus particulièrement en développement logiciel, un patron de conception (souvent appelé design pattern) est un arrangement caractéristique de modules, reconnu comme bonne pratiqu

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La programmation orientée objet (POO), ou programmation par objet, est un paradigme de programmation informatique. Elle consiste en la définition et l'interaction de briques logicielles appelées obj

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CS-108: Practice of object-oriented programming

Les étudiants perfectionnent leurs connaissances en Java et les mettent en pratique en réalisant un projet de taille conséquente. Ils apprennent à utiliser et à mettre en œuvre les principaux types de collections (listes, ensembles, tables associatives), et examinent quelques patrons de conception.

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CS-523: Advanced topics on privacy enhancing technologies

This advanced course will provide students with the knowledge to tackle the design of privacy-preserving ICT systems. Students will learn about existing technologies to prect privacy, and how to evaluate the protection they provide.