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Over the past four decades, research on the natural history of HIV infection has described how HIV wreaks havoc on human immunity and causes AIDS. HIV host genomic research, which aims to understand how human genetic variation affects our response to HIV i ...
Effectors secreted by the type Ill secretion system are essential for bacterial pathogenesis. Members of the Yersinia outer-protein J (YopJ) family of effectors found in diverse plant and animal pathogens depend on a protease-like catalytic triad to acetyl ...
Purpose of review: An improved understanding of how recombination affects the evolutionary history of HIV is crucial to understand its current and future evolution. The present review aims to disentangle the manifold effects of recombination on HIV by disc ...
Immune control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection is typically associated with effective Gag-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. We here focus on HLA-B14, which protects against HIV disease progression, but the immunodominant HLA-B14-rest ...
Recombinant adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors of serotypes 6, 8, and 9 were characterized as tools for gene delivery to dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra for future gene therapeutic applications in Parkinson's disease. While vectors of all th ...
Sanitizing human and animal waste (e.g., urine, fecal sludge or grey water) is a critical step in reducing the spread of disease and ensuring microbially safe reuse of waste materials. Viruses are particularly persistent pathogens and can be transmitted th ...
Over the course of evolution, retroviruses and their hosts have been in constant conflict, resulting in a long-term evolutionary "arms race" in which host and pathogen alternately gain selective advantages through functional innovations. On the host side, ...
Background: The HIV-1 genome is subject to pressures that target the virus resulting in escape and adaptation. On the other hand, there is a requirement for sequence conservation because of functional and structural constraints. Mapping the sites of select ...
RNase H is a prototypical example for two-metalion catalysis in enzymes. An RNase H activity cleaving the ribonucleic acid (RNA) backbone of a DNA/RNA hybrid is present not only in important drug targets, such as the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, but also i ...
Influenza is one of the most widespread viral infections worldwide and represents a major public health problem. The risk that one of the next pandemics is caused by an influenza strain is high. It is important to develop broad-spectrum influenza antiviral ...