Electrical faultIn an electric power system, a fault or fault current is any abnormal electric current. For example, a short circuit is a fault in which a live wire touches a neutral or ground wire. An open-circuit fault occurs if a circuit is interrupted by a failure of a current-carrying wire (phase or neutral) or a blown fuse or circuit breaker. In three-phase systems, a fault may involve one or more phases and ground, or may occur only between phases. In a "ground fault" or "earth fault", current flows into the earth.
Emergency power systemAn emergency power system is an independent source of electrical power that supports important electrical systems on loss of normal power supply. A standby power system may include a standby generator, batteries and other apparatus. Emergency power systems are installed to protect life and property from the consequences of loss of primary electric power supply. It is a type of continual power system. They find uses in a wide variety of settings from homes to hospitals, scientific laboratories, data centers, telecommunication equipment and ships.
Courbe en canardvignette|upright=1.5|Courbe en canard (orange) par rapport à la courbe de demande (bleue) et la courbe de production (grise). La courbe de, du ou en canard, également appelée le dos de canard (duck curve), est un graphique de la production d'électricité au cours d'une journée qui montre le déséquilibre temporel entre la demande de pointe et la production d'énergie solaire. Utilisée dans la production d'électricité à grande échelle, le terme a été inventé en 2012 par le .
Grid-tied electrical systemA grid-tied electrical system, also called tied to grid or grid tie system, is a semi-autonomous electrical generation or grid energy storage system which links to the mains to feed excess capacity back to the local mains electrical grid. When insufficient electricity is available, electricity drawn from the mains grid can make up the shortfall. Conversely when excess electricity is available, it is sent to the main grid.
Synchronization (alternating current)In an alternating current (AC) electric power system, synchronization is the process of matching the frequency and phase and voltage of a generator or other source to an electrical grid in order to transfer power. If two unconnected segments of a grid are to be connected to each other, they cannot safely exchange AC power until they are synchronized. A direct current (DC) generator can be connected to a power network simply by adjusting its open-circuit terminal voltage to match the network's voltage, by either adjusting its speed or its field excitation.
CommutatriceUne commutatrice est une machine électrique tournante qui permet de convertir un courant électrique continu en courant électrique alternatif, et inversement. Elle a un meilleur rendement qu'un groupe convertisseur et elle est moins coûteuse, mais elle est moins souple d'emploi car la tension de sortie en courant continu est liée à celle du courant alternatif. Elle est constituée d'un stator inducteur alimenté en courant continu et d'un rotor qui porte un bobinage induit qui est d'un côté relié par des bagues au réseau alternatif, et de l'autre au réseau à courant continu par un collecteur du même type que celui d'une machine à courant continu.
Brownout (electricity)A brownout is a drop in the magnitude of voltage in an electrical power system. Unintentional brownouts can be caused by excessive electricity demand, severe weather events, or a malfunction or error affecting electrical grid control or monitoring systems. Intentional brownouts are used for load reduction in an emergency, or to prevent a total grid power outage due to high demand. The term brownout comes from the dimming of incandescent lighting when voltage reduces.
UndergroundingIn civil engineering, undergrounding is the replacement of overhead cables providing electrical power or telecommunications, with underground cables. It helps in wildfire prevention and in making the power lines less susceptible to outages during high winds, thunderstorms or heavy snow or ice storms. An added benefit of undergrounding is the aesthetic quality of the landscape without the powerlines. Undergrounding can increase the capital cost of electric power transmission and distribution but may decrease operating costs over the lifetime of the cables.
Traction power networkA traction network or traction power network is an electricity grid for the supply of electrified rail networks. The installation of a separate traction network generally is done only if the railway in question uses alternating current (AC) with a frequency lower than that of the national grid, such as in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Alternatively, the three-phase alternating current of the power grid can be converted in substations by rotary transformers or static inverters into the voltage and type of current required by the trains.
Courant permanent admissibleSelon la Commission électrotechnique internationale, le courant (permanent) admissible est . On utilise aussi, dans certains pays francophones (Canada, Belgique, par exemple) le mot ampacité (traduction rapide de l'anglais ampacity), mot-valise construit à partir de « ampère » et « capacité » (de transport d'énergie électrique). L'usage du mot « ampacité » est déconseillé par l'Office québécois de la langue française.
