Mission d'évaluation des politiques publiquesLa Mission d'évaluation des politiques publiques (MEPP) est un service rattaché à la Direction générale de la modernisation de l'État, placé sous l'autorité fonctionnelle du cabinet du Ministère du Budget, des Comptes publics, de la Fonction publique et de la Réforme de l'État et chargé de piloter les structures d'évaluation interne de l'administration. La Mission d’évaluation des politiques publiques doit supporter à l’échelle interministérielle la gouvernance de l'évaluation et la coordination des Comités ministériels d’évaluation (CME).
Sondage (sciences sociales)Un sondage en sciences sociales est l'application de la technique des sondages à une population humaine. Le sondage est un outil de mesure quantitative qui vise à donner une image juste d'un phénomène social inaccessible à la simple perception du chercheur qui souhaite l'appréhender. Ces points sont à peu près évidents intuitivement. La fréquence d'apparition d'un caractère dans un échantillon donne une idée sur cette fréquence dans la population mais seulement une idée imprécise.
Data collectionData collection or data gathering is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established system, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes. Data collection is a research component in all study fields, including physical and social sciences, humanities, and business. While methods vary by discipline, the emphasis on ensuring accurate and honest collection remains the same.
Research designResearch design refers to the overall strategy utilized to carry out research that defines a succinct and logical plan to tackle established research question(s) through the collection, interpretation, analysis, and discussion of data. Incorporated in the design of a research study will depend on the standpoint of the researcher over their beliefs in the nature of knowledge (see epistemology) and reality (see ontology), often shaped by the disciplinary areas the researcher belongs to.
Variable and attribute (research)In science and research, an attribute is a quality of an object (person, thing, etc.). Attributes are closely related to variables. A variable is a logical set of attributes. Variables can "vary" – for example, be high or low. How high, or how low, is determined by the value of the attribute (and in fact, an attribute could be just the word "low" or "high"). (For example see: Binary option) While an attribute is often intuitive, the variable is the operationalized way in which the attribute is represented for further data processing.
Science formelleLes sciences formelles (ou sciences logico-formelles) explorent déductivement, selon des règles de formation et de démonstration, des systèmes axiomatiques. Les sciences formelles regroupent les mathématiques, la logique et l'informatique théorique. L'algèbre est la branche des mathématiques qui étudie les structures algébriques, indépendamment de la notion de limite (rattachée à l'analyse) et de la notion de représentation graphique (rattachée à la géométrie).
PostpositivismPostpositivism or postempiricism is a metatheoretical stance that critiques and amends positivism and has impacted theories and practices across philosophy, social sciences, and various models of scientific inquiry. While positivists emphasize independence between the researcher and the researched person (or object), postpositivists argue that theories, hypotheses, background knowledge and values of the researcher can influence what is observed. Postpositivists pursue objectivity by recognizing the possible effects of biases.
Triangulation (social science)In the social sciences, triangulation refers to the application and combination of several research methods in the study of the same phenomenon. By combining multiple observers, theories, methods, and empirical materials, researchers hope to overcome the weakness or intrinsic biases and the problems that come from single method, single-observer, and single-theory studies. It is popularly used in sociology. "The concept of triangulation is borrowed from navigational and land surveying techniques that determine a single point in space with the convergence of measurements taken from two other distinct points.
Mathematical sociologyMathematical sociology or the sociology of mathematics is an interdisciplinary field of research concerned both with the use of mathematics within sociological research as well as research into the relationships that exist between maths and society. Because of this, mathematical sociology can have a diverse meaning depending on the authors in question and the kind of research being carried out. This creates contestation over whether mathematical sociology is a derivative of sociology, an intersection of the two disciplines, or a discipline in its own right.
Évaluation des politiques publiquesL’évaluation des politiques publiques en tant que nouvel outil d’aide à la décision publique est apparue aux États-Unis dans les années 1960 avant de se développer au Royaume-Uni, dans les pays scandinaves puis dans les autres démocraties occidentales vingt ans plus tard, notamment à l’initiative de la Commission européenne, qui en a fait une exigence règlementaire systématique dans le cadre des financements alloués aux États membres à partir des années 1990.
