Concept
Effet Veblen
Concepts associés (11)
Consommation ostentatoire
thumb|L'automobile de luxe, symbole de l'objet de consommation ostentatoire. La consommation ostentatoire est une consommation destinée soit à mettre en évidence son statut social ou son mode de vie, soit à faire croire aux autres que l'on possède ce statut social ou mode de vie. Le concept de consommation ostentatoire est originellement utilisé pour décrire la consommation des classes supérieures dans les pays occidentaux par les sociologues.
Haut de gamme
In economics, a luxury good (or upmarket good) is a good for which demand increases more than what is proportional as income rises, so that expenditures on the good become a greater proportion of overall spending. Luxury goods are in contrast to necessity goods, where demand increases proportionally less than income. Luxury goods is often used synonymously with superior goods. The word "luxury" derives from the Latin verb luxor meaning to overextend or strain.
Inferior good
In economics, an inferior good is a good whose demand decreases when consumer income rises (or demand increases when consumer income decreases), unlike normal goods, for which the opposite is observed. Normal goods are those goods for which the demand rises as consumer income rises. Inferiority, in this sense, is an observable fact relating to affordability rather than a statement about the quality of the good.
Effet de mode
vignette|Mode de l'année prochaine, caricature humoristique par Ch. Philipon, v. 1830, où figurent les futures robes courtes (v. 1960) et patt'd'éleph (v. 1970) L’« effet de mode » (parfois aussi dénommé effet bandwagon : en anglais, bandwagon effect qui signifie en mot à mot sauter dans « le dernier wagon où joue l'orchestre ») définit l'effet d'un comportement grégaire où les individus se conduisent comme des moutons de Panurge. Soit le fait que certains esprits indécis finissent par prendre tardivement leur décision en imitant ce que pense ou fait la majorité.
Price elasticity of demand
A good's price elasticity of demand (, PED) is a measure of how sensitive the quantity demanded is to its price. When the price rises, quantity demanded falls for almost any good, but it falls more for some than for others. The price elasticity gives the percentage change in quantity demanded when there is a one percent increase in price, holding everything else constant. If the elasticity is −2, that means a one percent price rise leads to a two percent decline in quantity demanded.
Demand curve
In a demand schedule, a demand curve is a graph depicting the relationship between the price of a certain commodity (the y-axis) and the quantity of that commodity that is demanded at that price (the x-axis). Demand curves can be used either for the price-quantity relationship for an individual consumer (an individual demand curve), or for all consumers in a particular market (a market demand curve). It is generally assumed that demand curves slope down, as shown in the adjacent image.
Bien de Giffen
Un bien de Giffen est un concept d'économie qui désigne un bien dont la demande augmente avec la hausse de prix. Ce concept appartient à la microéconomie. Il porte le nom de l'économiste écossais Robert Giffen. Lorsque la demande d'un bien augmente avec l'augmentation de son prix, cela peut signifier que le bien en question est un bien de consommation essentiel. Lorsque son prix augmente, les agents économiques diminuent la part de leur revenu attribuée à d'autres biens pour consacrer une plus large part de leur budget à ce bien essentiel.
Positional good
Positional goods are goods valued only by how they are distributed among the population, not by how many of them there are available in total (as would be the case with other consumer goods). The source of greater worth of positional goods is their desirability as a status symbol, which usually results in them greatly exceeding the value of comparable goods. Various goods have been described as positional in a given capitalist society, such as gold, real estate, diamonds and luxury goods.
Status symbol
A status symbol is a visible, external symbol of one's social position, an indicator of economic or social status. Many luxury goods are often considered status symbols. Status symbol is also a sociological term – as part of social and sociological symbolic interactionism – relating to how individuals and groups interact and interpret various cultural symbols. The term "status symbol" was first written in English in 1955, but from 1959 with the publication of the bestseller "The Status Seekers" greater distribution.
Law of demand
In microeconomics, the law of demand is a fundamental principle which states that there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. In other words, "conditional on all else being equal, as the price of a good increases (↑), quantity demanded will decrease (↓); conversely, as the price of a good decreases (↓), quantity demanded will increase (↑)". Alfred Marshall worded this as: "When we say that a person's demand for anything increases, we mean that he will buy more of it than he would before at the same price, and that he will buy as much of it as before at a higher price".