Albédo

Résumé

L'albédo, ou albedo (sans accent), est le pouvoir réfléchissant d'une surface, c'est-à-dire le rapport du flux d'énergie lumineuse réfléchie au flux d'énergie lumineuse incidente. C'est une grandeur sans dimension, comparable à la réflectance, mais d'application plus spécifique, utilisée notamment en astronomie, climatologie et géologie. Étymologie Le substantif masculin albédo est emprunté au latin tardif (bas latin) la, substantif féminin signifiant blancheur. Il a été introduit au en optique et en astronomie par le mathématicien et astronome Jean-Henri Lambert. Définitions L'albédo, dans sa définition la plus courante dite albédo de Bond, est une valeur comprise entre 0 et 1 : un corps noir parfait, qui absorberait toutes les longueurs d'onde sans en réfléchir aucune, aurait un albédo nul, tandis qu'un miroir parfait, qui réfléchirait toutes les long

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alb%C3%A9do

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Publications associées (27)

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Séances de cours associées (28)

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We present a novel shape completion technique for creating temporally coherent watertight surfaces from real-time captured dynamic performances. Because of occlusions and low surface albedo, scanned mesh sequences typically exhibit large holes that persist over extended periods of time. Most conventional dynamic shape reconstruction techniques rely on template models or assume slow deformations in the input data. Our framework sidesteps these requirements and directly initializes shape completion with topology derived from the visual hull. To seal the holes with patches that are consistent with the subject's motion, we first minimize surface bending energies in each frame to ensure smooth transitions across hole boundaries. Temporally coherent dynamics of surface patches are obtained by unwarping all frames within a time window using accurate interframe correspondences. Aggregated surface samples are then filtered with a temporal visibility kernel that maximizes the use of nonoccluded surfaces. A key benefit of our shape completion strategy is that it does not rely on long-range correspondences or a template model. Consequently, our method does not suffer error accumulation typically introduced by noise, large deformations, and drastic topological changes. We illustrate the effectiveness of our method on several high-resolution scans of human performances captured with a state-of-theart multiview 3D acquisition system.

2012

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Black carbon and dust in the Third Pole glaciers: revaluated concentrations, mass absorption cross-sections and contributions to glacier ablation

Yang Li, Xinyang Li, Julia Schmale, Wei Yang

In snow and ice, light-absorbing particles (LAPs), such as black carbon (BC) and dust, accelerate the melting of Third Pole glaciers (TPGs). In this study, we revaluated LAP concentrations in the snow pits of TPGs (SP-TPGs), measured LAP mass absorption cross-sections (MACs), and simulated their effects on glacier darkening and melting based on the Spectral Albedo Model for Dirty Snow and a surface energy and mass balance model. The results indicated that because of their short distances to emission sources, the average BC concentrations measured in snow pits in the periphery of Third Pole were much higher than those measured in the inland Tibetan Plateau, and the average dust concentrations generally decreased from north to south. The average MACs of BC in the SP-TPGs varied from 3.1 to 7.7 m2 g−1 at 550 nm, most of the average spectral values were comparable in the visible and near-infrared bands to those calculated by Mie theory, except those in Urumqi Glacier No. 1 (UR), Syek Zapadniy Glacier (SZ), and Laohugou Glacier No.12 (LH), while the average spectral MACs of dust in the SP-TPGs were considerably smaller in magnitude than most of the variations measured in other regions. Compared with the pure snow surfaces, BC and dust played comparable roles in reducing albedo in UR, SZ, LH, and Renlongba Glacier, whereas BC was the most prominent absorber in the other glaciers. The combined effect of BC and dust accelerated melting by 30.4–345.9 mm w.e. (19.7–45.3% of the total mass balance) through surface albedo darkening (0.06–0.17) and increased radiation absorption (25.8–65.7 W m−2) within one month of the ablation season. This study provides a new data set of LAP concentrations and MACs and helps to clarify the roles of these factors in the cryospheric environment of the Third Pole.

2021

Chargement

Calibration of ground surface albedo models

Pierre-Jean Alet, Christophe Ballif, Arttu Matias Tuomiranta

The emergence of bifacial photovoltaics as a serious option for large-scale power generation makes the accuracy of the in-situ estimation of ground surface albedo increasingly critical. Recent studies have evaluated the performance of different models but an investigation of how these models should be calibrated is missing. This paper proposes geographically generalised parametrisations for time-variant albedo models of vegetated and desert surfaces based on a worldwide database and reports their performance compared to site-specific, unbiased parametrisations. These geographically generalised formulations can be used as an alternative for lengthy calibration campaigns as their only parameters can be easily measured. The paper also presents a simple method for deriving white-sky albedo without the need for diffuse irradiance data. The method is founded both theoretically and empirically. If on-site measurements can be collected to calibrate a model, the duration of the campaign is usually a few weeks at the maximum. This paper first shows evidence of the strong impact of the timing on calibration performance and accordingly gives practical guidelines on the most suitable measurement seasons and weather conditions. In general, early-summer months appear to be the most appropriate time for calibrating most models. Atmospheric turbidity during the campaign period, however, should be either minimised or maximised depending on the site and the model. Finally, in case no flexibility exists in timing the calibration, simple models with few parameters should be deployed. Geometric mean shows the most robust performance at most sites.

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD2022

Chargement

Black carbon and dust in the Third Pole glaciers: revaluated concentrations, mass absorption cross-sections and contributions to glacier ablation

Yang Li, Xinyang Li, Julia Schmale, Wei Yang

2021