Fish (cryptographie)Fish ou FISH (poisson) était le nom de code allié pour plusieurs machines de chiffrements de flot utilisés par les Allemands durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Le trafic chiffré par téléscripteur a été utilisé entre le haut commandement allemand et les commandants du groupe d'armées sur le champ de bataille, donc sa valeur du point de vue du renseignement (Ultra) relevait de la plus haute valeur stratégique pour les Alliés.
Masque jetableLe masque jetable, également appelé chiffre de Vernam, est un algorithme de cryptographie inventé par Gilbert Vernam en 1917 et perfectionné par Joseph Mauborgne, qui rajouta la notion de clé aléatoire. Cependant, le banquier américain Frank Miller en avait posé les bases dès 1882. Bien que simple, facile et rapide, tant pour le codage que pour le décodage, ce chiffrement est théoriquement impossible à casser, mais le fait que le masque soit à usage unique impose de le transmettre au préalable par un "autre moyen", ce qui soulève des difficultés de mise en œuvre pour la sécurisation des échanges sur Internet.
BletchleyBletchley is a constituent town of Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. It is situated in the south-west of Milton Keynes, and is split between the civil parishes of Bletchley and Fenny Stratford and West Bletchley. Bletchley is best known for Bletchley Park, the headquarters of Britain's World War II codebreaking organisation, and now a major tourist attraction. The National Museum of Computing is also located on the Park. History of Milton Keynes and Bletchley railway station The town name is Anglo-Saxon and means Blæcca's clearing.
NewmanryThe Newmanry was a section at Bletchley Park, the British codebreaking station during World War II. Its job was to develop and employ statistical and machine methods in cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher. It worked very closely with the Testery where a complementary set of operations were performed to complete the decryption of each message. Formally called the Statistical section, it was known as the Newmanry after its founder and head, Max Newman. It was responsible for the various Robinson machines and the ten Colossus computers.
TesteryThe Testery was a section at Bletchley Park, the British codebreaking station during World War II. It was set up in July 1942 as the "FISH Subsection" under Major Ralph Tester, hence its alternative name. Four founder members were Tester himself and three senior cryptanalysts were Captain Jerry Roberts, Captain Peter Ericsson and Major Denis Oswald. All four were fluent in German. From 1 July 1942 on, this team switched and was tasked with breaking the German High Command's most top-level code Tunny after Bill Tutte successfully broke Tunny system in Spring 1942.
Stations YLes stations « Y » étaient des sites britanniques de collecte de signaux initialement établies au cours de la Première Guerre mondiale et plus tard utilisées pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Ces sites ont été exploités par un large éventail d'organismes, y compris l'armée de terre, la marine, la Royal Air Force ainsi que le Foreign Office (MI6 et MI5), le General Post Office et la Compagnie Marconi. La lettre « Y » est une abréviation pour wireless interception (Y se prononce « ouaïe » en anglais, comme la première syllabe de wireless).
Hut 8Hut 8 was a section in the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park (the British World War II codebreaking station, located in Buckinghamshire) tasked with solving German naval (Kriegsmarine) Enigma messages. The section was led initially by Alan Turing. He was succeeded in November 1942 by his deputy, Hugh Alexander. Patrick Mahon succeeded Alexander in September 1944. Hut 8 was partnered with Hut 4, which handled the translation and intelligence analysis of the raw decrypts provided by Hut 8.
WavendonWavendon is a village and civil parish in the south east of the Milton Keynes urban area, in Buckinghamshire, England. The village name is an Old English language word, and means 'Wafa's hill'. In the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 969 the village was recorded as Wafandun. The ancient village lies just outside the 1967 designated area of Milton Keynes. The ecclesiastic parish of Wavendon anciently contained the hamlet of Woburn Sands (originally known as 'Hogsty End, Wavendon'), which became a separate civil parish in 1907.
National Cryptologic MuseumL'United States National Cryptologic Museum est un musée sur l'histoire de la cryptographie, dépendant de la NSA, la National Security Agency , une des agences américaines de renseignement. Situé à côté du siège de cette dernière à Fort George G. Meade dans le Maryland, la collection du musée contient plusieurs milliers d'objets et dispositifs couvrant toute l'histoire américaine de la cryptographie avec explications sur les hommes, les machines, les techniques et les lieux où ils furent employés.
TuringeryTuringery or Turing's method (playfully dubbed Turingismus by Peter Ericsson, Peter Hilton and Donald Michie) was a manual codebreaking method devised in July 1942 by the mathematician and cryptanalyst Alan Turing at the British Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park during World War II. It was for use in cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher produced by the SZ40 and SZ42 teleprinter rotor stream cipher machines, one of the Germans' Geheimschreiber (secret writer) machines.
