Kahan summation algorithmIn numerical analysis, the Kahan summation algorithm, also known as compensated summation, significantly reduces the numerical error in the total obtained by adding a sequence of finite-precision floating-point numbers, compared to the obvious approach. This is done by keeping a separate running compensation (a variable to accumulate small errors), in effect extending the precision of the sum by the precision of the compensation variable.
Zéro signéLe zéro signé est un zéro accompagné d'un signe. En arithmétique ordinaire, le nombre 0 n'a pas de signe, de sorte que −0, +0 et 0 sont identiques. Cependant, en informatique, certaines représentations des nombres admettent l'existence de deux zéros, souvent notés −0 (zéro négatif) et +0 (zéro positif), considérés comme égaux par les opérations de comparaison numérique mais avec des comportements différents possibles dans des opérations particulières.
Sine and cosineIn mathematics, sine and cosine are trigonometric functions of an angle. The sine and cosine of an acute angle are defined in the context of a right triangle: for the specified angle, its sine is the ratio of the length of the side that is opposite that angle to the length of the longest side of the triangle (the hypotenuse), and the cosine is the ratio of the length of the adjacent leg to that of the hypotenuse. For an angle , the sine and cosine functions are denoted simply as and .
