Réplication circulaire de l'ADN

La réplication de type Rolling circle est un processus de duplication d’acide nucléiques ADN ou ARN donnant plusieurs copies de molécules circulaires d’ADN ou ARN. Ce type de réplication est utilisé pour la duplication de certains plasmides et génome de bactériophages, viroides possédant un génome ARN et quelques virus infectant des cellules eucaryotes. Le rolling circle intervient également dans la duplication de certains transposons (hélitrons et hélentrons). Chez la bactérie, la réplication circulaire de l’ADN est initiée par une protéine initiatrice codée par un plasmide ou bien un bactériophage qui va créer une coupure simple brin au niveau de ce que l’on appelle l’origine double brin (double-strand origin ou DSO en anglais). La protéine initiatrice reste associée à l’extrémité 5’phosphate du brin coupé alors que l’extrémité 3’OH est libérée pour servir d'amorce pour la synthèse d’ADN par l’ADN polymérase de type III. En utilisant le brin non coupé comme matrice, la réplication

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Plasmide

vignette|Schéma représentant une bactérie contenant des plasmides. En microbiologie et en biologie moléculaire, un plasmide est une molécule d'ADN distincte de l'ADN chromosomique, capable de réplica

Phage lambda

Le phage lambda (Enterobacteria phage λ) est un virus bactériophage qui infecte la bactérie Escherichia coli. Ce bactériophage est un virus à ADN double brin, empaqueté dans une capside icosaédrique

Séquençage de l'ADN

cadre|Résultat du séquençage par la méthode de Sanger. L'ordre de chaque bande indique la position d'un nucléotide A,T,C ou G Le séquençage de l'ADN consiste à déterminer l'ordre d'enchaînement des nu

MICRO-560: BioMEMS

This course covers the main applications of micro devices for life science and biomedical applications. The course is organized by application topic. It is also covering the basic physical, biological, chemical, technological concepts, which are presented as transversal introductory section

BIO-392: Oncology

This course provides a comprehensive overview of the biology of cancer, illustrating the mechanisms that cancer cells use to grow and disseminate at the expense of normal tissues and organs.

PHYS-301: Biophysics : physics of the cell

In this course we will study the cell (minimum unit of life) and its components. We will study several key cellular features: Membranes, genomes, channels and receptors. We will apply the laws of physics to develop models to make quantitative and predictive statements.

Suspended microchannel resonators for Biosensing applications

Maria Vittoria Fedele

A Suspended microchannel resonator (SMR) is composed by a hollow resonant structure containing embedded microfluidic channel. This device allows to circumvent the viscous damping confining the fluid to the inside of the resonant beam. The goal of this project is to optimize the device developed in A. de Pastina’s PhD work. She created and fabricated a SMR containing a microfluidic channel with piezoelectric electrodes embedded. The final objective is to measure mechanical properties of cells, studying their mass and stiffness. The deviation of these mechanical properties is linked to some diseases, as for the cancer cells. The use of this device, monitoring the advancement of specific disease, could be an alternative to surgical techniques. It allows also to reduce the time and the cost of the results and to personalize the cure, avoiding the use of an invasive approach. This project focuses on the fabrication of the two components of this device: electrodes and channels. Each step of the fabrication will be explained motivating the choice of materials and equipment used. Several references to the prior fabrication will be done, to understand which progress will be realized.

2020

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Easy release fluoropolymer molds for micro- and nano-pattern replication

David Barbero, Hans Jörg Mathieu

A mold (35) for use in nano- or micro-replication processes on thermoplastic polymer substrates (20), comprises a nano- or micro-structured fluoropolymer surface that, when the mold (35) is used in a nano- or micro-replication process, serves for the application of a nano- or micro-structuration on a thermoplastic polymer substrate (20,22). The nano- or micro-structured fluoropolymer surface is itself obtained by nano- or micro-structuration against the fluoropolymer surface (30) using a master mold (10) of silicon, quartz, nickel, steel, copper, or another material of comparable properties having a nano- or micro-structuration corresponding to that to be applied to a substrate (22). The fluoromold (35) can be used for nano- or micro-imprint lithography, or a liquid polymer can be coated or extruded against the nano-or micro-structured fluoropolymer surface.

2006

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Plasmonic Nanohole Arrays on a Robust Hybrid Substrate for Highly Sensitive Label-Free Biosensing

Hatice Altug, Mickaël Pierre Busson, Arif Engin Cetin, Yasa Eksioglu Özok, Dordaneh Etezadi

Plasmonic nanohole arrays have received significant attention, as they have highly advantageous optical properties for ultrasensitive and label-free biosensing applications. Currently, most of these subwavelength periodic apertures are mainly implemented on transparent materials, which results in multiple spectrally close transmission resonances. However, this spectral characteristic is not ideal for biosensing applications, as it complicates monitoring spectral variations. In this article, utilizing a hybrid substrate composed of a high refractive index dielectric interlayer over a transparent material, we show that gold nanohole arrays support spectrally isolated and well-defined plasmonic resonances that are easy to track. Compared to conventional configurations on transparent material, nanoholes on a hybrid substrate also exhibit plasmonic modes with well-preserved amplitudes, which is useful for reliable spectral monitoring. We show that nanohole arrays on a hybrid substrate are more sensitive to changes in surface conditions. Using a spectral integration method, which evaluates wavelength shifts in a large spectral window instead of monitoring only the plasmonic resonance wavelength, we obtain a detection limit as low as 2 x 10^(-5) RIU. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrate real-time monitoring of biomolecular binding interactions even at sub-1 ng/mL levels.

Amer Chemical Soc2015

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