Dishevelledvignette|Structure de la protéine Les Dishevelled (Dsh) sont une famille de protéines impliquées dans les voies de signalisation de Wnt canoniques et non canoniques. Dsh (Dvl chez les mammifères) est une phosphoprotéine cytoplasmique qui agit directement en aval des récepteurs Frizzled. Elle joue un rôle important aussi bien dans le développement embryonnaire que chez l'adulte, depuis la différenciation cellulaire jusqu'au comportement social.
Reverse transportReverse transport, or transporter reversal, is a phenomenon in which the substrates of a membrane transport protein are moved in the opposite direction to that of their typical movement by the transporter. Transporter reversal typically occurs when a membrane transport protein is phosphorylated by a particular protein kinase, which is an enzyme that adds a phosphate group to proteins. The primary function of most neurotransmitter transporters is to facilitate neurotransmitter reuptake (i.e.
Signalisation lipidiqueupright=1.6|vignette|Exemples de lipides de signalisation cellulaire : - LPA : acide lysophosphatidique, - S1P : sphingosine-1-phosphate, - PAF : facteur d'activation plaquettaire, - AEA : anandamide. La signalisation lipidique désigne l'ensemble des processus biochimiques de signalisation cellulaire impliquant des lipides qui se fixent sur une protéine cible, telle qu'un récepteur, une kinase ou une phosphatase, laquelle déclenche à son tour d'autres processus au sein de la cellule en fonction des messagers lipidiques.
Son of SevenlessIn cell signalling, Son of Sevenless (SOS) refers to a set of genes encoding guanine nucleotide exchange factors that act on the Ras subfamily of small GTPases. The gene was so named because the Sos protein that it encoded was found to operate downstream of the sevenless gene in Drosophila melanogaster in a Ras/MAP kinase pathway. When sevenless is mutated or otherwise dysfunctional during development of the fly's ultraviolet light-sensitive compound eye, the seventh, central photoreceptor (R7) of each ommatidium fails to form.
Guanine nucleotide exchange factorGuanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) are proteins or protein domains that activate monomeric GTPases by stimulating the release of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) to allow binding of guanosine triphosphate (GTP). A variety of unrelated structural domains have been shown to exhibit guanine nucleotide exchange activity. Some GEFs can activate multiple GTPases while others are specific to a single GTPase. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) are proteins or protein domains involved in the activation of small GTPases.
Vesicle fusionVesicle fusion is the merging of a vesicle with other vesicles or a part of a cell membrane. In the latter case, it is the end stage of secretion from secretory vesicles, where their contents are expelled from the cell through exocytosis. Vesicles can also fuse with other target cell compartments, such as a lysosome. Exocytosis occurs when secretory vesicles transiently dock and fuse at the base of cup-shaped structures at the cell plasma membrane called porosome, the universal secretory machinery in cells.
Asymmetric cell divisionAn asymmetric cell division produces two daughter cells with different cellular fates. This is in contrast to symmetric cell divisions which give rise to daughter cells of equivalent fates. Notably, stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to two distinct daughter cells: one copy of the original stem cell as well as a second daughter programmed to differentiate into a non-stem cell fate. (In times of growth or regeneration, stem cells can also divide symmetrically, to produce two identical copies of the original cell.
