History of the Republican Party (United States)The Republican Party, also known as the GOP (Grand Old Party), is one of the two major political parties in the United States. It is the second-oldest extant political party in the United States after its main political rival, the Democratic Party. In 1854, the Republican Party emerged to combat the expansion of slavery into American territories after the passing of the Kansas–Nebraska Act. The early Republican Party consisted of northern Protestants, factory workers, professionals, businessmen, prosperous farmers, and after the Civil War, former black slaves.
Histoire du Parti démocrateThe Democratic Party is one of the two major political parties of the United States political system and the oldest existing political party in the country. The Democratic party was founded in the 1830s and 1840s. It is also the oldest active voter-based political party in the world. The party has changed significantly during its nearly two centuries of existence. Once known as the party of the "common man," the early Democratic Party stood for individual rights and state sovereignty, and opposed banks and high tariffs.
Political realignmentA political realignment, often called a critical election, critical realignment, or realigning election, in the academic fields of political science and political history, is a set of sharp changes in party ideology, issues, party leaders, regional and demographic bases of power of political parties, and the structure or rules of the political system, such as voter eligibility or financing. The changes result in a new political power structure that lasts for decades, replacing an older dominant coalition.
Chambre des représentants des États-UnisLa Chambre des représentants des États-Unis (United States House of Representatives) compose, avec le Sénat, le Congrès des États-Unis et forme à ce titre l'un des deux organes du pouvoir législatif américain. Elle représente les citoyens au sein de l'Union et constitue la chambre basse du congrès fédéral. Son siège se trouve dans l'aile sud du Capitole des États-Unis, à Washington. La composition et les pouvoirs de la Chambre sont établis par l'article premier de la Constitution des États-Unis.
