Alpha-fœtoprotéineL'alpha-fœtoprotéine ou alpha-1-fœtoprotéine (AFP) est une protéine qui n'est normalement produite que par le fœtus au cours de son développement. Chez des adultes, il peut servir de marqueur tumoral (CHC, tumeur germinale, tératome principalement). Si on trouve des taux élevés ou bas d'AFP dans le liquide amniotique, il peut indiquer un trouble du développement chez le bébé. Un conseil génétique est en principe de mise si le screening de l'AFP (triple test) est positif.
SéminomeUn séminome est un cancer (tumeur maligne) constitué par la prolifération anarchique de cellules dérivées des cellules germinales : les cellules de la reproduction, présentes dans le testicule ou l'ovaire. Ce sont des cancers qui restent rares, mais dont la prévalence chez les hommes des pays riches est en forte augmentation (cancer du testicule). Les séminomes les plus fréquents touchent le testicule de l'homme jeune ; l'ovaire de jeunes filles ou adolescentes ; des reliques embryonnaires de tissus germinaux subsistant hors des gonades (dans l'abdomen ou le médiastin).
Pelvic painPelvic pain is pain in the area of the pelvis. Acute pain is more common than chronic pain. If the pain lasts for more than six months, it is deemed to be chronic pelvic pain. It can affect both the male and female pelvis. Common causes in include: endometriosis in women, bowel adhesions, irritable bowel syndrome, and interstitial cystitis. The cause may also be a number of poorly understood conditions that may represent abnormal psychoneuromuscular function. The role of the nervous system in the genesis and moderation of pain is explored.
AntimitotiqueA mitotic inhibitor is a drug that inhibits mitosis, or cell division. These drugs disrupt microtubules, which are structures that pull the chromosomes apart when a cell divides. Mitotic inhibitors are used in cancer treatment, because cancer cells are able to grow and eventually spread through the body (metastasize) through continuous mitotic division. Thus, cancer cells are more sensitive to inhibition of mitosis than normal cells.
Hereditary cancer syndromeA hereditary cancer syndrome (familial/family cancer syndrome, inherited cancer syndrome, cancer predisposition syndrome, cancer syndrome, etc.) is a genetic disorder in which inherited genetic mutations in one or more genes predispose the affected individuals to the development of cancer and may also cause early onset of these cancers. Hereditary cancer syndromes often show not only a high lifetime risk of developing cancer, but also the development of multiple independent primary tumors.
OligoménorrhéeOligomenorrhea is infrequent (or, in occasional usage, very light) menstruation. More strictly, it is menstrual periods occurring at intervals of greater than 35 days, with only four to nine periods in a year. Menstrual periods should have been regularly established before the development of infrequent flow. The duration of such events may vary. Oligomenorrhea can be a result of prolactinomas (adenomas of the anterior pituitary). It may be caused by thyrotoxicosis, hormonal changes in perimenopause, Prader–Willi syndrome, and Graves' disease.
Cancer and nauseaCancer and nausea are associated in about fifty percent of people affected by cancer. This may be as a result of the cancer itself, or as an effect of the treatment such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or other medication such as opiates used for pain relief. About 70 to 80% of people undergoing chemotherapy experience nausea or vomiting. Nausea and vomiting may also occur in people not receiving treatment, often as a result of the disease involving the gastrointestinal tract, electrolyte imbalance, or as a result of anxiety.
DanazolDanazol, sold as Danocrine and other brand names, is a medication used in the treatment of endometriosis, fibrocystic breast disease, hereditary angioedema and other conditions. It is taken by mouth. The use of danazol is limited by masculinizing side effects such as acne, excessive hair growth, and voice deepening. Danazol has a complex mechanism of action, and is characterized as a weak androgen and anabolic steroid, a weak progestogen, a weak antigonadotropin, a weak steroidogenesis inhibitor, and a functional antiestrogen.
