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Concept
3-3 duoprism
Résumé
In the geometry of 4 dimensions, the 3-3 duoprism or triangular duoprism is a four-dimensional convex polytope. It can be constructed as the Cartesian product of two triangles and is the simplest of an infinite family of four-dimensional polytopes constructed as Cartesian products of two polygons, the duoprisms.
It has 9 vertices, 18 edges, 15 faces (9 squares, and 6 triangles), in 6 triangular prism cells. It has Coxeter diagram , and symmetry , order 72. Its vertices and edges form a rook's graph.
The hypervolume of a uniform 3-3 duoprism, with edge length a, is . This is the square of the area of an equilateral triangle, .
The graph of vertices and edges of the 3-3 duoprism has 9 vertices and 18 edges. Like the Berlekamp–van Lint–Seidel graph and the unknown solution to Conway's 99-graph problem, every edge is part of a unique triangle and every non-adjacent pair of vertices is the diagonal of a unique square. It is a toroidal graph, a locally linear graph, a strongly regular graph with parameters (9,4,1,2), the rook's graph, and the Paley graph of order 9.
This graph is also the Cayley graph of the group with generating set .
In 5-dimensions, some uniform 5-polytopes have 3-3 duoprism vertex figures, some with unequal edge-lengths and therefore lower symmetry:
The birectified 16-cell honeycomb also has a 3-3 duoprism vertex figure. There are three constructions for the honeycomb with two lower symmetries.
The regular complex polytope 3{4}2, , in has a real representation as a 3-3 duoprism in 4-dimensional space. 3{4}2 has 9 vertices, and 6 3-edges. Its symmetry is 3[4]2, order 18. It also has a lower symmetry construction, , or 3{}×3{}, with symmetry 3[2]3, order 9. This is the symmetry if the red and blue 3-edges are considered distinct.
The dual of a 3-3 duoprism is called a 3-3 duopyramid or triangular duopyramid. It has 9 tetragonal disphenoid cells, 18 triangular faces, 15 edges, and 6 vertices.
It can be seen in orthogonal projection as a 6-gon circle of vertices, and edges connecting all pairs, just like a 5-simplex seen in projection.
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