Surface wave

Résumé

In physics, a surface wave is a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media. A common example is gravity waves along the surface of liquids, such as ocean waves. Gravity waves can also occur within liquids, at the interface between two fluids with different densities. Elastic surface waves can travel along the surface of solids, such as Rayleigh or Love waves. Electromagnetic waves can also propagate as "surface waves" in that they can be guided along with a refractive index gradient or along an interface between two media having different dielectric constants. In radio transmission, a ground wave is a guided wave that propagates close to the surface of the Earth. Mechanical waves In seismology, several types of surface waves are encountered. Surface waves, in this mechanical sense, are commonly known as either Love waves (L waves) or Rayleigh waves. A seismic wave is a wave that travels through the Earth, often as the result of an eart

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_wave

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The role of Rayleigh Waves in Granular Solids

Alessandro Spadoni, Bart Van Damme

Wave propagation in granular solids is found to have at least two regimes: a low-frequency ballistic signal and a high-frequency diffusive tail. The latter is attributed to granules clapping or elastic waves within the granules themselves. The low frequency front is traditionally attributed to the rigid-body motion of particles and their interactions via quasi-static contact forces. We present results obtained with experimental and numerical models indicating that the low-frequency ballistic wavefront is itself the result of surface waves in the granules. We find surface waves to be the principal mechanism of energy transmission.

Amer Inst Physics2013

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Energy Transmission through Grain-to-grain Contacts: the Role of Bulk and Rayleigh Waves

Emil Shaykhilislamov, Alessandro Spadoni, Bart Van Damme

The physical mechanism of elastic wave propagation through granular solids is investigated. Based on the symmetry of a one dimensional chain of spheres, spherical surface waves are considered to be responsible for the energy transport. A simple mathematical model is set up to describe the energy exchange during consequent granule-to-granule interactions. Experiments on a two-sphere setup support this model.

Amer Inst Physics2013

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Frequency-dependent, near-pole behavior of acoustic surface waves on a solid sphere

Alessandro Spadoni, Bart Van Damme

A laser vibrometer is used to measure waves generated by a piezoelectric transducer in a solid steel sphere. The spatial and temporal resolution make it possible to verify the theoretical dispersion relation of spherical surface waves. In particular, the area at the source antipode is investigated. The focusing of surface waves results in high-amplitude surface displacements in this area, which is therefore interesting in terms of seismic research and the understanding of the dynamic behavior of granular media. The influence of frequency on the diameter of the focal area is measured using windowed sine bursts as a source. As an example of the complex wave behavior near the poles, the interference of converging and diverging surface waves is demonstrated. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd2014

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