Concept
Vote unique non transférable
Concepts associés (22)
Plurality voting
Plurality voting refers to electoral systems in which a candidate(s), who poll more than any other counterpart (that is, receive a plurality), are elected. In systems based on single-member districts, it elects just one member per district and may also be referred to as first-past-the-post (FPTP), single-member plurality (SMP/SMDP), single-choice voting (an imprecise term as non-plurality voting systems may also use a single choice), simple plurality or relative majority (as opposed to an absolute majority, where more than half of votes is needed, this is called majority voting).
Scrutin à vote unique transférable
Le scrutin à vote unique transférable (ou système de Hare) est un système électoral destiné à élire plusieurs candidats. Il est inventé vers 1860, indépendamment par Thomas Hare et par Carl Andrae. Il est utilisé en Irlande, à Malte, en Australie et plus particulièrement en Tasmanie, au Népal, occasionnellement en Estonie et en Alberta (Canada) entre 1926 et 1955. Il est également utilisé aujourd'hui pour les élections locales en Écosse (Royaume-Uni) et certaines élections locales en Nouvelle-Zélande et aux États-Unis, notamment pour la mairie de Wellington et de Portland.
Hare quota
The Hare quota (also known as the simple quota) is a formula used under some forms of proportional representation. In these voting systems the quota is the number of votes that guarantees a candidate, or a party in some cases, captures a seat. The Hare quota is the total number of votes divided by the number of seats to be filled. This is the simplest quota, but the Droop quota is mostly used currently. The Hare quota can be used in the single transferable vote (STV-Hare) system and the largest remainder method (LR-Hare) and other quota rule compatible methods of party-list proportional representation.
Scrutin plurinominal
Le scrutin plurinominal est un système électoral dans lequel plusieurs personnes sont élues lors d'un même scrutin. Il s'oppose au scrutin uninominal. Un scrutin proportionnel de liste, dans lequel les sièges sont répartis entre les listes proportionnellement au nombre de voix obtenues, est par définition un scrutin plurinominal. Cependant, le terme est davantage employé pour les scrutins plurinominaux majoritaires, dans lesquels les candidats ayant obtenu le plus de voix sont élus.
Liste ouverte
La liste ouverte est une liste de candidats à une élection dont les électeurs peuvent modifier la composition ou l'ordre. Elle combine le scrutin de liste, puisque les candidats se présentent sur une liste, et le vote personnalisé, puisque les électeurs peuvent voter pour des candidats individuellement. La liste ouverte est utilisée dans le cadre d'un scrutin proportionnel avec vote préférentiel, ou d'un scrutin plurinominal majoritaire avec panachage.
D'Hondt method
The D'Hondt method, also called the Jefferson method or the greatest divisors method, is an apportionment method for allocating seats in parliaments among federal states, or in proportional representation among political parties. It belongs to the class of highest-averages methods. The method was first described in 1792 by future U.S. president Thomas Jefferson. It was re-invented independently in 1878 by Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt, which is the reason for its two different names.
Parallel voting
Parallel voting is a type of mixed electoral system in which representatives are voted into a single chamber using two or more different systems, most often first-past-the-post voting (FPTP) with party-list proportional representation (PR). It is the most common form of mixed member majoritarian representation (MMM), which is why these terms are often used synonymously with each other. In some countries, parallel voting is known as the supplementary member (SM) system, while in academic literature it is sometimes called the superposition method within mixed systems.
Vote limité
Le vote limité est une modalité du scrutin plurinominal majoritaire dans lequel les électeurs disposent d'un nombre de voix inférieur au nombre de sièges à pourvoir. Plusieurs sièges sont à pourvoir (scrutin plurinominal) et les candidats qui obtiennent le plus de voix sont élus (scrutin majoritaire). Les candidats se présentent de façon isolée (vote personnalisé). Les électeurs disposent de plusieurs voix, en nombre inférieur au nombre de sièges à pourvoir, et ils ne peuvent pas cumuler plusieurs voix sur un même candidat.
Semi-proportional representation
Semi-proportional representation characterizes multi-winner electoral systems which allow representation of minorities, but are not intended to reflect the strength of the competing political forces in close proportion to the votes they receive. Semi-proportional voting systems can be regarded as compromises between forms of proportional representation such as party-list PR, and plurality/majoritarian systems such as first-past-the-post voting. Examples of semi-proportional systems include the single non-transferable vote, limited voting, and parallel voting.
Sequential proportional approval voting
Sequential proportional approval voting (SPAV) or reweighted approval voting (RAV) is an electoral system that extends the concept of approval voting to a multiple winner election. It is a simplified version of proportional approval voting. Proposed by Danish statistician Thorvald N. Thiele in the early 1900s, it was used (with adaptations for party lists) in Sweden for a short period from 1909-1921, and was replaced by a cruder "party-list" style system as it was easier to calculate.