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Concept
Railway colleges in the Soviet Union
Résumé
This article includes railway colleges/universities/higher-educational-institutes in the Russian empire, the Soviet Union, and the Post-Soviet states (which includes the Russian Federation).
Railway colleges are higher educational institutes which train students for railway careers, mainly in engineering. They differ from other colleges by offering various classes on railway topics (such as Railway electrification, railway operations, etc.) and most students major in some railway specialty. The Soviet Union inherited a few such colleges from the Russian empire and both expanded them and created many new railway colleges. After the demise of the Soviet Union and the resulting decline in railway transportation in the Post-Soviet states, most of these colleges (often renamed as a "university") continued to operate with government support.
Railway colleges during the Soviet era prepared students for careers in various aspects of railroading, primarily as engineers. During the Soviet period they were often known as "higher educational institutes" (for railways) or vuz (вуз ru, (an acronym ), and this designation is still in use. In 1967 (Soviet period) they had a total of 215,000 students enrolled, about half of which were correspondence students. However, less than 7000 students graduated each year, mostly in engineering (such as electrical, mechanical, or civil engineering with emphasis on railway applications).
Almost 10 years later (in 1976) they had a total of 130 thousand students: 50k daytime students, 12k nite school students, and 52k correspondence students. There were 21 different fields of study including 3 new ones: computer science, applied mathematics, and automatic control systems. During the 9th 5-year plan (1970-1975) they graduated 66 thousand engineers (a little over 12 thousand per years) which is more than reported for the 1960s per above. In 1976 there were then a total of 15 institutes and 86 Tekhnikums.
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