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Concept
Dot (diacritic)
Résumé
When used as a diacritic mark, the term dot is usually reserved for the interpunct ( · ), or to the glyphs "combining dot above" ( ◌̇ ) and "combining dot below" ( ◌̣ )
which may be combined with some letters of the extended Latin alphabets in use in Central European languages and Vietnamese.
Anusvara
Language scripts or transcription schemes that use the dot above a letter as a diacritical mark:
In some forms of Arabic romanization, ġ stands for ghayin (غ).
The Latin orthography for Chechen includes ċ, ç̇, ġ, q̇, and ẋ.
Traditional Irish typography, where the dot denotes lenition, and is called a ponc séimhithe or buailte "dot of lenition": ḃ ċ ḋ ḟ ġ ṁ ṗ ṡ ṫ. Alternatively, lenition may be represented by a following letter h, thus: bh ch dh fh gh mh ph sh th. In Old Irish orthography, the dot was used only for ḟ ṡ, while the following h was used for ch ph th; lenition of other letters was not indicated. Later the two systems spread to the entire set of lenitable consonants and competed with each other. Eventually the standard practice was to use the dot when writing in Gaelic script and the following h when writing in antiqua. Thus ċ and ch represent the same phonetic element in Modern Irish.
ė is pronounced as [eː], as opposed to ę, which is pronounced a lower [æː] (formerly nasalised), or e, pronounced [ɛ, æː].
Livonian uses ȯ as one of its eight vowels.
ċ is used for a voiceless palato-alveolar affricate, ġ for a voiced palato-alveolar affricate, and ż for a voiced alveolar sibilant.
Middle English: ẏ was sometimes used to distinguish etymological y from the glyph's use as a replacement for þ, which did not exist in early press typographies.
Old English: In modernized orthography, ċ is used for a voiceless palato-alveolar affricate /t͡ʃ/, ġ for a palatal approximant /j/ (probably a voiced palatal fricative /ʝ/ in the earliest texts), and (more rarely) sċ for a voiceless palato-alveolar fricative /ʃ/ and cġ for a voiced palato-alveolar affricate /d͡ʒ/.
ż is used for a voiced retroflex sibilant /ʐ/.
Source officielle
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