Causal graph

In statistics, econometrics, epidemiology, genetics and related disciplines, causal graphs (also known as path diagrams, causal Bayesian networks or DAGs) are probabilistic graphical models used to encode assumptions about the data-generating process. Causal graphs can be used for communication and for inference. They are complementary to other forms of causal reasoning, for instance using causal equality notation. As communication devices, the graphs provide formal and transparent representation of the causal assumptions that researchers may wish to convey and defend. As inference tools, the graphs enable researchers to estimate effect sizes from non-experimental data, derive testable implications of the assumptions encoded, test for external validity, and manage missing data and selection bias. Causal graphs were first used by the geneticist Sewall Wright under the rubric "path diagrams". They were later adopted by social scientists and, to a lesser extent, by economists. These models were initially confined to linear equations with fixed parameters. Modern developments have extended graphical models to non-parametric analysis, and thus achieved a generality and flexibility that has transformed causal analysis in computer science, epidemiology, and social science. The causal graph can be drawn in the following way. Each variable in the model has a corresponding vertex or node and an arrow is drawn from a variable X to a variable Y whenever Y is judged to respond to changes in X when all other variables are being held constant. Variables connected to Y through direct arrows are called parents of Y, or "direct causes of Y," and are denoted by Pa(Y). Causal models often include "error terms" or "omitted factors" which represent all unmeasured factors that influence a variable Y when Pa(Y) are held constant. In most cases, error terms are excluded from the graph. However, if the graph author suspects that the error terms of any two variables are dependent (e.g. the two variables have an unobserved or latent common cause) then a bidirected arc is drawn between them.

À propos de ce résultat

Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.

Publications associées (22)

Personnes associées (4)

Unités associées (3)

Concepts associés (2)

Cours associés (3)

Séances de cours associées (14)

MATH-413: Statistics for data science

Statistics lies at the foundation of data science, providing a unifying theoretical and methodological backbone for the diverse tasks enountered in this emerging field. This course rigorously develops

FIN-417: Quantitative risk management

This course is an introduction to quantitative risk management that covers standard statistical methods, multivariate risk factor models, non-linear dependence structures (copula models), as well as p

MATH-614: Foundations of causal inference

This seminar will provide a survey of the canonical literature in causal inference. At the end of this course, students will gain a broad understanding of the most important methodological concepts an

Modèle d'équations structurelles

La modélisation d'équations structurelles ou la modélisation par équations structurelles ou encore la modélisation par équations structurales (en anglais structural equation modeling ou SEM) désignent un ensemble diversifié de modèles mathématiques, algorithmes informatiques et méthodes statistiques qui font correspondre un réseau de concepts à des données. On parle alors de modèles par équations structurales, ou de modèles en équations structurales ou encore de modèles d’équations structurelles.

Causalité

vignette|Exemple classique de la chute d'un domino causé par la chute d'un autre. En science, en philosophie et dans le langage courant, la causalité désigne la relation de cause à effet. la cause, corrélat de l'effet, c'est . C'est ce qui produit l'effet ; la causalité est le . Autrement dit, la causalité est l'influence par laquelle un événement, un processus, un état ou un objet (une cause) contribue à la production d'un autre événement, processus, état ou objet (un effet) considéré comme sa conséquence.

Modern neuroscience research is generating increasingly large datasets, from recording thousands of neurons over long timescales to behavioral recordings of animals spanning weeks, months, or even years. Despite a great variety in recording setups and expe ...

EPFL2024

A Unified Experiment Design Approach for Cyclic and Acyclic Causal Models

Negar Kiyavash, Ehsan Mokhtarian, Saber Salehkaleybar

We study experiment design for unique identification of the causal graph of a system where the graph may contain cycles. The presence of cycles in the structure introduces major challenges for experiment design as, unlike acyclic graphs, learning the skele ...

2022

Score Matching Enables Causal Discovery of Nonlinear Additive Noise Models

Volkan Cevher, Paul Thierry Yves Rolland

This paper demonstrates how to recover causal graphs from the score of the data distribution in non-linear additive (Gaussian) noise models. Using score matching algorithms as a building block, we show how to design a new generation of scalable causal disc ...

2022

Inférence causale & Graphiques dirigés MATH-413: Statistics for data science

Explore l'inférence causale, les graphiques dirigés et l'équité dans les algorithmes, en mettant l'accent sur l'indépendance conditionnelle et les implications des GAD.

Inférence causale : Comprendre les effets du traitement MATH-413: Statistics for data science

Examine les effets du traitement, les variables confusionnelles et les difficultés d'interprétation des résultats des études d'observation.

Inférence causale : Estimands et Ontologies

Examine l'inférence causale, en soulignant l'importance de s'engager dans une ontologie pour tirer des inférences causales et choisir des estimands appropriés.